Chapter 6

Question 1

Provide a brief explanation of the following terms or statistics as they define Ontario: Area or size Km2.

Answer 1

Ontario is larger than most countries, encompassing over 1 million km2. 1, 076.4

Question 2

Define heartland

Answer 2

A geographic area in which a nation’s industry, population, and political power are concentrated; also known as a core.

Question 3

Why is manufacturing in Ontario since 2008?

Answer 3

Automobile manufacturing in Canada has declined, and Ontario has yet to find a replacement. It was the kingpin of Ontario’s economy. Mexico has lower labour costs and direct access to US and Canadian markets, and has replaced Canada as the number two producer of vehicles in North America.

Question 4

What three of Canada’s physiographic regions and three of the countries climatic zones

Question 5

What is the population of Ontario and percentage of Canadian total?

Answer 5

13,850,000 and 38.5%

Question 6

Is Ontario a homogeneous natural region?

Answer 6

No.

Question 7

What does norther Ontario consist of?

Answer 7

Canadian Shield and Hudson Bay Lowlands

Question 8

What does southern Ontario consist of?

Answer 8

Great Lakes- St. Lawrence Lowlands.

Question 9

What is the manufacturing belt?

Answer 9

A contiguous industrial zone in North America noted for its manufacturing and heavy industry. In Canada, this belt extends from Windsor to Quebec City, stretching across the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Lowlands.

Question 10

What economic activities does Northern Ontario rely on?

Answer 10

Forestry, mining, and tourism. - It is a slow growing region.

Question 11

What is a have versus have-not province?

Answer 11

Have provinces are those that generate more tax revenue per person than the national average, while have-not provinces have revenue per person below the national average.

Question 12

Briefly explain why Ontario is often divided into two regions and the factors used to determine this
regionalism?

Answer 12

Southern Ontario (the economic core of Canada) is - a fastest-growing and most densely populated area in the country; plus it contains the bulk of the nation’s manufacturing industries and houses the greatest number of technology hubs and employees and Northern Ontario (a resource hinterland). sparsely populated and is losing population because of the decline of its mining and forestry activities.

Question 13

Define hinterland

Answer 13

A geographic area based on resource development that supplies the heartland with many of its primary products; also known as a periphery.

Question 14

Define core/periphery model

Answer 14

A theoretical concept based on a dual spatial structure of the capitalist world and a mutually beneficial relationship between its two parts, which are known as the core and the periphery. While both parts are dependent on each other, the core (industrial heartland) dominates the economic relationship with its periphery (resource hinterland) and thereby benefits more from this relationship. The core/periphery model can be applied at several geographical levels: international, national, and regional

Question 15

Describe the climate of southern Ontario

Answer 15

moderate continental

Question 16

Define faultlines

Answer 16

Application of a geological phenomenon to the economic, social, and political cracks that divide regions and people.

Question 17

Define regionalism

Answer 17

The division of countries or areas of the earth into different natural/political/cultural parts.

Question 18

Why is Canada’s core located in Southern Ontario?

Answer 18

population (35%) of Canada’s population lives in southern ontario. Climate, Arable lands, Transportation, History and Manufacturing

Question 19

How has the climate of southern Ontario affected the creation of Canada’s core?

Answer 19

Southern Ontario has Canada’s longest growing season.

Question 20

What are some of the Environmental issues faced by Ontario?

Answer 20

Air and water pollution. Solutions are costly and require lifestyle changes.

Question 21

What is a loyalist?

Answer 21

Colonists who supported the British during the American Revolution. About 40,000 American colonists who were loyal to Britain resettled in Canada, especially in Nova Scotia and Quebec.

Question 22

When and why did loyalists move north and settle in Ontario?

Answer 22

1780s and 1790s after the American Revolution.

Question 23

What is Ontario doing to combat the pollution?

Answer 23

most air pollution come from vehicle exhaust. Efficient engines and growing number of electric cars have limited the increase in exhaust fumes.
In April 2014 when Ontario ceased to produce electricity from coal.

Question 24

What is energy poverty?

Answer 24

In the classical definition, developing countries where access to energy is limited; in the case of Ontario, the high cost of energy that reduces low-income families’ access to energy.

Question 25

What role did Loyalist play in the development of Ontario?

Answer 25

Loyalists played a significant role in the development of Ontario, including:
Settlement
Loyalists settled in Ontario, including along the St. Lawrence River, and established the first legal British settlement in the area. The British government provided land grants, tools, and assistance to help Loyalists establish farms.
Province formation
The population increase of Loyalists in Canada led to the division of Canada into Upper and Lower Canada in 1791.
Educational, religious, and social institutions
Loyalists were instrumental in establishing educational, religious, and social institutions.
English-speaking population
Loyalists helped establish Canada’s English-speaking population.
Canada’s independence
The Loyalists’ ties with Britain and their distrust of republicanism helped keep Canada independent and distinct in North America.
Ontario’s coat of arms
The motto on the Ontario coat of arms, Ut incept sic permanet fidelis, means “As she began, so she remains, Loyal”

Question 26

Name two other areas Loyalists settled in Canada?

Answer 26

Nova Scotia and New Brunswick

Question 27

What was the role of the Six Nations in the settlement of the Loyalists in the Haldimand Tract?

Answer 27

During the American Revolution the Confederation split, with the Oneida and Tuscarora joining the American cause, while the rest of the league, led by Chief Joseph Brant‘s Mohawk, sided with the British. After the end of the American Revolution in 1783, those loyal to the British moved from New York to Ontario and settled along the Grand River in southwestern Ontario on a vast tract—the Haldimand Grant—given to them in 1784 by the governor of Quebec, Lord Haldimand. In a sense, these lands were both a reward for serving with the British troops and a buffer from settlers who sought farmland.

Question 28

What is the Haldimand Tract?

Answer 28

The first major indigenous land grant. The purpose was to reward the Iroquois who had served on the British side during the American Revolution. In his proclamation, the governor of Quebec, Lord Haldimand, prohibited the lease or sale of land to anyone but the government in the tract extending from the source of the Grand River in present-day southwestern Ontario to the point where the river feeds into Lake Erie.

Question 29

Who formed the six nations of the Iroquois Confederacy?

Answer 29

The Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca and Tuscarora.

Question 30

The war of 1812 nearly stopped American immigration to Canada; this immigration was replaced by increased immigration from blank?

Answer 30

British - greatly changed Canada, by turning the demographic balance of power from a French - Canadian majority to an English-speaking one.

Question 31

What was the Act of Union (Union Act), and how did it change the manner in which Canada was governed?

Answer 31

in 1841, the two largest colonies in British North America, Upper and Lower Canada were united to the Province of Canada.

Question 32

Explain the relationship between the Family Compact and the Act of Union?

Answer 32

The Family compact’s influence declined after the Act of Union for several reasons, including, the Family compact had fewer seats in the government of the unified Province of Canada, political reform and immigration from Britain diluted the Family compacts influence.

Question 33

Who was the creator of the Act of Union?

Answer 33

Lord Durham

Question 34

How did the governing of the Upper Canada and Lower Canada change as a result of the Act of Union?

Answer 34

United the colonies

Question 35

What were the results of the Act of Union

Answer 35

United the colonies, created a single government and parliament, changed the names of the regions, combined debts, banned french from government,

Question 36

Define the family compact.

Answer 36

A group of officials who dominated senior bureaucratic positions, the executive and legislative councils, and the judiciary in Upper Canada.

Question 37

What year did Confederation occur?

Answer 37

1867

Question 38

At the time of Confederation, what did Southern Ontario look like (i.e. the level of agricultural development and availability of arable land?

Answer 38

had little or no agricultural potential. only small farms.

Question 39

Give a brief description of Confederation.

Answer 39

Canada’s formal history as a nation began with the proclamation of the British North America Act on 1 July 1867. This Act of the British Parliament united the colonies of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada (formerly Upper Canada and Lower Canada) into the Dominion of Canada.1 Canada soon acquired more territory.

Question 40

How did southern Ontario’s agricultural development affect urbanization?

Answer 40

Many moved to other prairies. or a few tried further north. Extended three times, but not its agricultural potential.

Question 41

How did this affect the development of towns into cities and eventually the CMA’s of southern Ontario?

Question 42

Explain the role of transportation in the creation of Canada’s core?

Answer 42

At the time of Confederation, the economic essence of Ontario was its fledgling industrial base. Transportation routes played a key role, especially the Welland Canal, which facilitated low-cost transportation (

Question 43

What is the Welland Canal and how did it affect Ontario’s core?

Answer 43

facilitated low-cost transportation.The Welland Canal is a strategic link between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie that provides a water route around Niagara Falls.

Question 44

Explain the role and design of Southern Ontario’s highway system; how does this aid in the transfer of people and goods throughout Ontario and south into the US?

Answer 44

Southern Ontario’s highway system is a vital network that supports efficient movement of people and goods within Ontario and into the U.S. It includes key highways like the 401, 400-series, and the QEW, which link major cities, industrial hubs, and border crossings.

Highway 401: Known as “Ontario’s Main Street,” it’s one of North America’s busiest highways, connecting Toronto, London, and Windsor to the U.S. border.

400-Series Highways: These controlled-access highways, including toll road Highway 407, connect the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) with other regions, helping manage commuter and commercial traffic.

Cross-Border Access: Major crossings like the Ambassador Bridge and Peace Bridge link Ontario with the U.S., essential for North American trade.

Question 45

What is a tariff?

Answer 45

a tax imposed by one country on the goods and services imported from another country to influence it, raise revenues, or protect competitive advantages.

Question 46

Define economies of scale

Answer 46

A reduction in unit costs of production resulting from an increase in output.

Question 47

Why would a country apply a tariff on imported goods?

Answer 47

Raise revenue (source of income for the government), protect domestic industries, negotiate with other countries.

Question 48

What was the National Policy?

Answer 48

a Canadian economic and political strategy that was in effect from 1878 until the Second World War. It was a protectionist policy that involved three main elements

Question 49

What were the three main elements of the National Policy?

Answer 49

Tariffs (Canada imposed high tariffs on imported goods to protect Canadian manufacturers from foreign competition)
Infrastructure (Canada expanded its physical infrastructure, including roads and railroads. The Canadian Pacific Railway was built to connect Montreal to Vancouver. )
Population Growth (Canada promoted population growth, especially in western Canada, through immigration and settlement)

Question 50

Explain the consequences of Confederation and the National Policy on Ontario’s economy and manufacturing core?

Answer 50

Protection from american competition, ill feelings from periphery, infrastructure expansion.

Question 51

What is meant by “the rest of Canada was a domestic market for Ontario’s manufactured goods”?

Answer 51

Ontario is Canada’s largest manufacturing province.

Question 52

Explain what will control the future development of Ontario’s manufacturing core?

Question 53

Why are “innovation and technology development” key to the maintenance of Ontario’s status as the core of Canada?

Question 54

Explain from an economical perspective the importance of Ontario’s automobile industry?

Answer 54

Several trade agreements, from the 1965 Auto Pact to the usmca of 2020, have greatly accelerated trade between the two countries, leading to the integration of the North American automobile industry and—most importantly for the knowledge economy—technology industry. The heart of Canadian manufacturing lies in the automobile and auto parts industries. The Auto Pact (1965) made Canada an important manufacturing country and provided the Big Three North American manufacturers (Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler) a decided advantage in the single market of Canada and the United States. Unfortunately for Canada, nafta (1994) brought Mexico into the North America market. Mexico, with its much lower wage rates, soon attracted automobile manufacturers. Under these circumstances, Canada’s automobile industry lost ground to Mexico as most investment in new plants went there. In 2000, Canada’s share of North American vehicle production was 17 per cent while Mexico’s share was 11 per cent. Over the next 18 years, Canada’s share dropped to 12 per cent while Mexico increased its share to 24 per cent

Question 55

Apply the Core/Periphery model to the province of Ontario, and explain why it is applicable from the perspectives of economy, resources, population distribution, and political power?

Question 56

What is the Ring of Fire and what does it mean to the future of Northern Ontario?

Answer 56

The Ring of Fire is a mineral-rich region in Northern Ontario that could have a significant impact on the province’s economy and the global mining industry. However, the development of the region is a subject of debate, as stakeholders consider the economic benefits against environmental concerns and the rights of Indigenous communities

Question 57

Where is the ring of fire located?

Answer 57

The Ring of Fire is located in the James Bay Lowlands of Northern Ontario, about 540 km northeast of Thunder Bay and 1,000 km north of Toronto.

Question 57

22.1. Describe the role of local First Nations in the development of the Ring of Fire?

Answer 57

The Ring of Fire is the homeland of Indigenous Peoples, First Nations who have lived on the land for a long time. Some say that the rights of these communities need to be considered in the development of the region

Question 57

What mineral was primarily found and what is it used for? Ring of Fire

Answer 57

The Ring of Fire contains valuable minerals such as chromite, nickel, copper, platinum group elements, gold, and zinc. These minerals are important for the future of low- and zero-emission vehicles and transportation

Question 58

Explain one of the major hurdles or obstacles to developing this mineral resource? (ring of fire)

Answer 58

The Ring of Fire is located in a unique ecological setting, including part of the world’s largest intact boreal forest and one of the world’s largest peatland and wetland complexes. Some are concerned that the region’s ecological values are being ignored in the rush to develop the area

Question 58

Ontario’s forestry sector declined in 2008, due to a decrease in house building in the US. It has also decreased due to a decrease in the use of paper and newsprint. Explain the following statement, “the forestry industry faces two issues; the modernization of machinery and a fluctuating US market”.

Question 58

What are the main employers in northern Ontario?

Question 58

Describe the Golden Horseshoe, and the reasons why it became the Core of Canada?

Answer 58

The Golden Horseshoe is the most densely populated area of Ontario and economic powerhouse of Canada. In the earliest days of Ontario, the area was dotted with small towns and villages that served the vast farmland throughout Southern Ontario.

Question 58

What is meant by the Service sector or tertiary sector?

Answer 58

he service sector, also known as the tertiary sector, is the third tier of the economy and is made up of businesses that provide services to consumers and other businesses

Question 59

Explain how the service sector is different from the secondary or primary sector?

Answer 59

The service sector, also known as the tertiary sector, differs from the primary and secondary sectors in that it provides services instead of producing goods:

Primary sector
Involves the extraction and production of raw materials, such as agriculture, forestry, mining, and fishing.

Secondary sector
Involves the transformation of raw materials into goods, such as manufacturing cars from steel or clothing from textiles.
Service sector

Involves the provision of services to consumers and businesses, such as banking, insurance, transportation, and retail sales.
The service sector supports the primary and secondary sectors by providing services such as distribution and banking.
Services are also known as “intangible goods”. This can make it difficult to price services compared to products, which are tangible. The quality of a service depends on the quality of the person providing it, which can vary

Question 59

Describe briefly the future of Ontario with respect to difficulties and potential victories.

Question 59

Explain the positive and negative attributes of Urban Sprawl

Question 59

Explain the change in the location of manufacturing in Southern Ontario using the following terms: dense population, expensive urban core, expansion, modernization, inexpensive, surrounding suburban area, property taxes, commuting