Chapter 11 Flashcards
The North
Define the term Resource Frontier and why The North receives this designation?
A Resource Frontier refers to an area rich in natural resources, such as minerals, oil, gas, forests, and water, that remains largely undeveloped or underdeveloped due to its geographical remoteness or harsh environmental conditions.
What is the difference between Northern Frontier and Homeland?
Northern Frontier is seen from the perspective of economic development, resource extraction, and settlement.
Homeland emphasizes cultural identity, sovereignty, and the long-standing relationship that Indigenous peoples have with the land.
What is permafrost?
is soil or rock that remains frozen for at least two consecutive years. Found in cold regions like the Arctic and sub-Arctic, it can range from a few meters to hundreds of meters deep. As global temperatures rise, thawing permafrost can damage infrastructure and release greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide, further accelerating climate change. It is classified as continuous (covers large areas) or discontinuous (warmer regions with thawing patches)
What are three major environmental issues in Canada’s north?
Climate change and Thawing permafrost
Loss of Biodiversity
Resource extraction and pollution
What is albedo?
reflectivity of a surface, In the context of ice and snow, these surfaces have a high albedo, meaning they reflect most of the incoming solar radiation, keeping the area cool.
Explain how albedo works to decrease the ice pack?
Albedo refers to the reflectivity of a surface. In the context of ice and snow, these surfaces have a high albedo, meaning they reflect most of the incoming solar radiation, keeping the area cool. However, as climate change warms the planet, ice and snow begin to melt, exposing darker surfaces like ocean water or land underneath. These darker surfaces have a much lower albedo, meaning they absorb more sunlight rather than reflecting it. This absorbed heat leads to further warming, causing more ice to melt in a positive feedback loop known as the “albedo effect.”
As more ice melts, the Earth’s surface absorbs more heat, accelerating the rate of ice loss, particularly in the Arctic. This process contributes to the ongoing reduction in the size of the ice pack and enhances global warming.
Multiple sources highlight how the albedo effect is a critical factor in polar regions, driving the rapid loss of sea ice and amplifying climate change impact
What is the social effects of this food insecurity?
Poor Nutrition and Health Outcomes
Increased poverty and financial strain
Cultural disconnection and loss of traditional knowledge
mental health strain
What is meant by the social determinants of health?
The social determinants of health refer to the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that affect their overall health and well-being. These factors go beyond individual health behaviors and genetics, encompassing social, economic, and environmental influences
As the numbers of whaling ships increased in the Davis Strait, the whalers began venturing further into the Arctic Seas, this lead to the development of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, whereby the Europeans would remain in the Arctic throughout the winter season until the spring.
wintering over
What role did Arctic Fox play in the development of The North?
The Arctic fox played an important role in the development of The North due to its fur, which was highly valued in the fur trade, particularly during the 18th and 19th centuries. The fur of the Arctic fox was prized for its warmth and softness, making it a sought-after material for coats, hats, and other garments in Europe and North America.
Explain how forced resettlement (settlement) and residential schools affected northern aboriginal culture?
Starting in the mid-20th century, the Canadian government initiated a policy of forced resettlement, moving many northern Indigenous groups, including the Inuit, from their traditional territories to government-designated communities. The rationale was often tied to national security concerns, resource extraction plans, and attempts to centralize Inuit populations for easier administration.
Disruption of Traditional Lifestyles and loss of language and practices.
