CHAPTER 6 Flashcards
Associative learning
occurs when an organism makes
connections between stimuli or events that occur together in
the environment
Observational learning
the process of watching others and
then imitating what they do (modeling)
Acquisition
rising curve shows conditioned response quickly getting
stronger through repeated pairing of cs and ucs
Extinction
curve decreases, shows cr weakens when only cs is presented
Spontaneous recovery
–cr reappears after a break or pause from
conditioning
classical conditioning
learning in which the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired or associated with the behavior
conditioned response (CR)
response caused by the conditioned stimulus
conditioned stimulus (CS)
stimulus that elicits a response due to its being paired with an unconditioned stimulus
higher-order conditioning
(also, second-order conditioning)
using a conditioned stimulus to condition a neutral stimulus
latent learning
learning that occurs, but it may not be evident until there is a reason to demonstrate it
law of effect
behavior that is followed by consequences satisfying to the organism will be repeated and behaviors that are followed by unpleasant consequences will be discouraged
operant conditioning
form of learning in which the stimulus/experience happens after the behavior is demonstrated
radical behaviorism
staunch form of behaviorism developed by B. F. Skinner that suggested that even complex higher mental functions like human language are nothing more than stimulus-outcome associations
Primary reinforcers
those that have innate reinforcing qualities (e.g. food, water, sleep, sex, pleasure). The value of these reinforcers does not need to
be learned.
Secondary reinforcers
those that have no inherent value. There value is learnt and becomes reinforcing when linked with a primary reinforcer.
