CHAPTER 5

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

stimulate senses

Question 2

Transduction

Answer 2

converting
outside world into
neural impulses

Question 3

Perception

Answer 3

process
interpreting, organizing
and experiencing
sensation

Question 4

Frequency

Answer 4

number of waves that pass a given
point in a given time period

Question 5

Depth Perception

Answer 5

ability to
perceive 3D relationship

Question 6

Binocular depth cues -
a) Binocular disparity

Answer 6

Use 2 eyes
a). each eye gets
difference image

Question 7

Monocular depth cues

Answer 7

Use 1 eye

Question 8

Congenital deafness

Answer 8

born without hearing

Question 9

Conductive hearing loss

Answer 9

trouble delivering sound to
cochlea

Question 10

Sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 10

can be caused by many
factors
* Aging, head trauma, infections, medications, environmental factors,
tumors, and toxins

Question 11

Olfactory receptors

Answer 11

like parts that extend from
olfactory bulb into mucous membrane of nasal cavity

Question 12

Olfactory bulb

Answer 12

:a bulb-like structure at the tip of frontal lobe
where olfactory nerves begin

Question 13

Meissner’s corpuscles

Answer 13

respond to pressure and lower frequency
vibrations

Question 14

Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 14

detect transient pressure and higher frequency
vibrations

Question 15

Merkel’s disks

Answer 15

respond to light pressure

Question 16

Ruffini corpuscles

Answer 16

detect stretch

Question 17

Good continuation (continuity)

Answer 17

perceive shapes as
smooth continuous lines
 E.g., two overlapping lines, rather than four lines
meeting in center

Question 18

absolute threshold

Answer 18

minimum amount of stimulus energy that must be present for the stimulus to be detected 50% of the time

Question 19

bottom-up processing

Answer 19

system in which perceptions are built from sensory input

Question 20

top-down processing

Answer 20

interpretation of sensations is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts

Question 21

trichromatic theory of color perception

Answer 21

color vision is mediated by the activity across the three groups of cones

Question 22

wavelength

Answer 22

length of a wave from one peak to the next peak

Question 23

temporal theory of pitch perception

Answer 23

sound’s frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron

Question 24

signal detection theory

Answer 24

change in stimulus detection as a function of current mental state

Question 25

rod

Answer 25

specialized photoreceptor that works well in low light conditions

Question 26

pupil

Answer 26

small opening in the eye through which light passes

Question 27

retina

Answer 27

light-sensitive lining of the eye

Question 28

place theory of pitch perception

Answer 28

different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies

Question 29

pinna

Answer 29

visible part of the ear that protrudes from the head

Question 30

opponent-process theory of color perception

Answer 30

color is coded in opponent pairs: black-white, yellow-blue, and red-green

Question 31

optic chiasm

Answer 31

X-shaped structure that sits just below the brain’s ventral surface; represents the merging of the optic nerves from the two eyes and the separation of information from the two sides of the visual field to the opposite side of the brain

Question 32

optic nerve

Answer 32

carries visual information from the retina to the brain

Question 33

Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 33

touch receptor that detects transient pressure and higher frequency vibrations

Question 34

lens

Answer 34

curved, transparent structure that provides additional focus for light entering the eye

Question 35

fovea

Answer 35

small indentation in the retina that contains cones

Question 36

cornea

Answer 36

transparent covering over the eye

Question 37

cone

Answer 37

specialized photoreceptor that works best in bright light conditions and detects color

Question 38

cochlea

Answer 38

fluid-filled, snail-shaped structure that contains the sensory receptor cells of the auditory system

Question 39

a.)binaural cue
b.)binocular cue

Answer 39

a.)two-eared cue to localize sound
b.) cue that relies on the use of both eyes

Question 40

basilar membrane

Answer 40

thin strip of tissue within the cochlea that contains the hair cells which serve as the sensory receptors for the auditory system