chapter 6

Question 1

aggregate

Answer 1

a collection of people who exist in the same place at the same time but don’t interact or share a sense of identity

Question 2

authoritarian leader

Answer 2

a leader who issues and assigns tasks

Question 3

bureaucracies

Answer 3

formal organizations characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality

Question 4

category

Answer 4

people who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way
ex: gen z

Question 5

clear division of labor

Answer 5

the fact that each individual in a bureaucracy has a specialized task to perform

Question 6

coercive organizations

Answer 6

organizations that people do not voluntarily join such as prisons or a mental hospital

Question 7

conformity

Answer 7

the extent to which an individual complies with a group or societal norms

Question 8

democratic leader

Answer 8

a leader who encourages group participation and consensus building before moving into action

Question 9

dyad

Answer 9

a two member group

Question 10

explicit rules

Answer 10

the types of rules in a bureaucracy; rules that are recorded, outlined, and standardized

Question 11

expressive function

Answer 11

a group function that serves an emotional need

Question 12

expressive leader

Answer 12

a leader who is concerned with process and with ensuring everyone’s emotional wellbeing

Question 13

formal organizations

Answer 13

large, impersonal organizations

Question 14

group

Answer 14

any collection of at least two people who interact with claimed frequency and who share some sense of aligned identity

Question 15

hierarchy of authority

Answer 15

a clear chain of command found in a bureaucracy

Question 16

impersonality

Answer 16

the removal of personal feelings from a professional situation

Question 17

in group

Answer 17

a group a person belongs to and feels is an integral part of their identity

Question 18

instrumental function

Answer 18

being oriented toward a task or goal

Question 19

instrumental leader

Answer 19

a leader who is goal oriented with a primary focus on accomplishing tasks

Question 20

iron rule of oligarchy

Answer 20

the theory that an organization is ruled by a few elites rather than through collaboration

Question 21

laissez faire leader

Answer 21

a hands off leader who allows members of the group to make their own decisions

Question 22

leadership function

Answer 22

the main focus or goal of a leader

Question 23

leadership style

Answer 23

the style a leader uses to achieve goals or elicit action from group members

Question 24

mcdonaldization of society

Answer 24

the increasing presence of the fast food business model in social institutions

Question 25

meritocracy

Answer 25

A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on merit (proven and documented skills)

Question 26

normative or voluntary organizations

Answer 26

organizations that people join to pursue shared interest, or because they provide some intangible rewards

Question 27

primary groups

Answer 27

small informal groups of people who are closest to us

Question 28

reference groups

Answer 28

groups to an individual compare themselves

Question 29

secondary groups

Answer 29

larger and more impersonal groups that are task focused and time limited

Question 30

total Institution

Answer 30

an organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle, and in which total resocialization occurs

Question 31

triad

Answer 31

three member group

Question 32

utilitarian organizations

Answer 32

organizations that are joined to fill a specific material need