chapter 4 Flashcards
achieved status
The status a person chooses, such as level of education or income
agricultural societies
societies that rely on farming as a way of life
alienation
an individuals isolation from his society, his work, and his sense of self
anomie
A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness
lack of social norms
ascribed status
The status outside of an individuals control, such as sex or race
bourgeoisie
The owners of the means of production in a society
capitalism
A way of organizing an economy so that the things that are used to make, and transport products are owned by individual people and companies rather than the government
class consciousness
The awareness of one’s rank in society
collective conscience
The communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society
false conscientiousness
A condition in which the beliefs, ideals, or ideology of a person are not in the persons own best interest
feudal societies
societies that operate on a strict hierarchal system of power-based around land ownership and protection
habitualization
The idea that society is constructed by us, and those before us, and is followed like a habit
horticulture societies
Society spaced around the cultivation of plants
hunter gatherer societies
societies that depend on hunting wild animals and gathering uncultivated plants for survival
industrial societies
societies characterized by our reliance on mechanized labor to create material goods
information societies
Society based on the production of non-material goods and services
institutionalization
The active implanting a convention or norm into society
iron cage
A situation in which an individual is trapped by social institutions
looking glass self
our reflection of how we think we appear to others
mechanical solidarity
A type of social order maintained by the collective consciousness of a culture
Organic solidarity
A type of social order based around an acceptance of economic and social differences
pastoral societies
Society based around the domestication of animals
proletariat
The laborers in a society
The opposite of the bourgeoisie
Rationalization
belief that modern society should be built around logic and efficiency rather than morality or tradition
role conflict
The situation when one or more of an individuals rules clash
role performance
The expression of a role
Role strain
Stress that occurs when too much is required of a single role
role set
And a rate of rules attached to a particular status
roles
patterns of behavior that are representative of a persons social status
Self fulfilling prophecy
an idea that becomes true when acted upon
Social integration
How strongly a person is connected to his or her social group
Society
A group of people who live in a definable community and share the same cultural components
status
The responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to his or her rank and role in society
thomas theorem
how a subjective reality can drive events to develop in accordance with that reality, despite being originally unsupported by objective reality
ex: a kid is told they are an overachiever, so they overachieve
sociocultural evolution
Gerhard Lenski
changes that occur as a society acquires new technology
karl marx thinks a society’s structure depends on its
economy
presentation of self
the way humans attempt to create specific impressions of our selfs to others
total institutions
environments where the reality of the institution affects the reality of the individual
