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intro to sociology > chapter 4 > Flashcards

chapter 4 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

achieved status

A

The status a person chooses, such as level of education or income

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2
Q

agricultural societies

A

societies that rely on farming as a way of life

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3
Q

alienation

A

an individuals isolation from his society, his work, and his sense of self

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4
Q

anomie

A

A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness

lack of social norms

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5
Q

ascribed status

A

The status outside of an individuals control, such as sex or race

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6
Q

bourgeoisie

A

The owners of the means of production in a society

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7
Q

capitalism

A

A way of organizing an economy so that the things that are used to make, and transport products are owned by individual people and companies rather than the government

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8
Q

class consciousness

A

The awareness of one’s rank in society

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9
Q

collective conscience

A

The communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society

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10
Q

false conscientiousness

A

A condition in which the beliefs, ideals, or ideology of a person are not in the persons own best interest

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11
Q

feudal societies

A

societies that operate on a strict hierarchal system of power-based around land ownership and protection

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12
Q

habitualization

A

The idea that society is constructed by us, and those before us, and is followed like a habit

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13
Q

horticulture societies

A

Society spaced around the cultivation of plants

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14
Q

hunter gatherer societies

A

societies that depend on hunting wild animals and gathering uncultivated plants for survival

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15
Q

industrial societies

A

societies characterized by our reliance on mechanized labor to create material goods

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16
Q

information societies

A

Society based on the production of non-material goods and services

17
Q

institutionalization

A

The active implanting a convention or norm into society

18
Q

iron cage

A

A situation in which an individual is trapped by social institutions

19
Q

looking glass self

A

our reflection of how we think we appear to others

20
Q

mechanical solidarity

A

A type of social order maintained by the collective consciousness of a culture

21
Q

Organic solidarity

A

A type of social order based around an acceptance of economic and social differences

22
Q

pastoral societies

A

Society based around the domestication of animals

23
Q

proletariat

A

The laborers in a society
The opposite of the bourgeoisie

24
Q

Rationalization

A

belief that modern society should be built around logic and efficiency rather than morality or tradition

25
Q

role conflict

A

The situation when one or more of an individuals rules clash

26
Q

role performance

A

The expression of a role

27
Q

Role strain

A

Stress that occurs when too much is required of a single role

28
Q

role set

A

And a rate of rules attached to a particular status

29
Q

roles

A

patterns of behavior that are representative of a persons social status

30
Q

Self fulfilling prophecy

A

an idea that becomes true when acted upon

31
Q

Social integration

A

How strongly a person is connected to his or her social group

32
Q

Society

A

A group of people who live in a definable community and share the same cultural components

33
Q

status

A

The responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to his or her rank and role in society

34
Q

thomas theorem

A

how a subjective reality can drive events to develop in accordance with that reality, despite being originally unsupported by objective reality

ex: a kid is told they are an overachiever, so they overachieve

35
Q

sociocultural evolution

A

Gerhard Lenski
changes that occur as a society acquires new technology

36
Q

karl marx thinks a society’s structure depends on its

A

economy

37
Q

presentation of self

A

the way humans attempt to create specific impressions of our selfs to others

38
Q

total institutions

A

environments where the reality of the institution affects the reality of the individual

intro to sociology (6 decks)

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