Chapter 6 Flashcards
living without oxygen
anaerobic
primary procedure used to evaluate joints
arthroscopy
a measure of bone density or weight. a thinning bone results in lower bone density
bone mass density (BMD)
measurement of bone thickness
densitometry
the heel area of the foot
calcaneal
imaging by a cross-sectional plane of the body;
computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT); comuted tomography
surgery to remove a vertebral disk
diskectomy
a diagnostic test in which a small needle is inserted into muscle tissue and the electrical activity is recorded
electromyography (EMG)
abnormal curvature in the upper thoracic spine
Dowager’s hump
the most widely used technology to measure bone density. two Xray beams are aimed at the patients bones and the density of the bone is determined by the absorption of each xray beam
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
a thick fibrous connective tissue
fascia
referring to joints between the finger bones
interphalangeal
humped curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback or hunchback)
kyphosis
surgery to cut away part of the vertebrae to open the area around the spinal nerve
laminectomy
exaggerated anterior or inward curve of the lumbar spine (swayback)
lordosis
referring to the metacarpus and the phalanges; specifically, the articulations between them
metacarpophalangeal
semilunar articular cartilage found inside the knee joint
meniscus
referring to the metatarsus and the phalanges; specifically the articulations between them
metatarsophalangeal
a diagnostic radiologic test using nuclear magnetic resonance technology
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
a process that causes the characteristic hardness of bones
mineralization
surgical procedure for reducing fractures that cannot be reduced by external manipulation; involves surgically opening a fracture site and internally fixing the fracture with plates, screws, or pins
ORIF (Open Reduction, Internal Fixation)
an Xray picture taken after injecting dye into the spinal canal to reveal compression on the spinal cord or spinal nerves
myelogram
mature bone cells
osteocyte
inflammation or infection of the marrow of the bone
osteomyelitis
osteoporosis
relating to medical imaging using xrays, ionizing radiation, nuclear magnetic resonance, or ultrasound
radiologic
acronym for rest, ice, compression, and elevation; the activities to manage soft tissue trauma like those often associated with sports injuries
RICE
pain along the sciatic nerve, often radiating down the leg and caused by pressure on the spinal nerve
sciatica
scoliosis
uncontrolled muscle contractions
spasms
hyperirritability of muscles causing a spasm-like
tetany
small, whitish nodules of uric acid
tophi
one that involves a joint surface
articular (fracture)
skin pulled or torn away; a type of fracture in which there is a separation of a small bone fragment from the bone where a tendon or ligament is attached
avulsion (fracture)
a type of fracture that does not break through the skin
closed or simple (fracture)
term describing a fracture of the lower end of the radius with displacement of the fragment
Colles’ (fracture)
a type of fracture in which there are more than two ends or fragments
comminuted (fracture)
a type of fracture involving the bone or an object puncturing through the skin, making an opening through the skin to the fracture site
compound or open (fracture)
a type of fracture in which the fracture is completely through the bone
complete (fracture)
a type of fracture in which the bone appears to be mashed down on itself
compression (fracture)
A type of fracture in which fragments are out of position
displaced (fracture)
Term describing a fracture outside or not involving the joint capsule
extracapsular (fracture)
Term describing a fracture involving the neck of the femur
femoral neck (fracture)
A type of incomplete fracture that occurs commonly in children; so-called because the bone appears to have broken partially like a sap filled green stick
Greenstick (fracture)
A type of fracture that has a bone end forced over the other end
impacted (fracture)
A type of fracture in which the bone is fractured, but not in two
incomplete (fracture)
Term describing a fracture that is in the trochanteric area of the femur
intertrochanteric (fracture)
Term describing a fracture inside the joint capsule
intracapsular (fracture)
A type of fracture that runs the length of the bone
longitudinal (fracture)
A type of fracture in which the fragments are still in correct position
nondisplaced (fracture)
A type of fracture that runs in a transverse pattern
oblique (fracture)
A type of fracture involving the bone puncturing through the skin, or an object puncturing the skin, making it opening through the skin to the fracture site
open or compound (fracture)
Term describing a fracture of the lower part of the fibula and tibia, outward displacement of the foot
Pott’s (fracture)
A type of fracture caused by weakness from another disease
pathologic (fracture)
A type of fracture that does not break through the skin
simple or closed (fracture)
A type of fracture that twists around the bone
spiral (fracture)
A type of fracture that forms a star like pattern
stellate (fracture)
A type of fracture related to too much weight or pressure
stress (fracture)
Term describing a fracture below the head of the femur
subcapital (fracture)
A type of fracture that runs across or at a 90° angle
transverse (fracture)
