Chapter 2 Flashcards
acronym for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AIDS
an environmental substance that causes an allergic reaction
allergen
no oxygen
anoxia
the state when the immune response is too intense or hypersensitive to an environmental substance
allergy
immunoglobins that develop in response to an antigen; also called immune bodies; proteins that the body produces to react to and render the antigen harmless
antibodies
a cell marker that induces state of sensitivity after coming in contact with an antibody; any substance that causes the body some type of harm, thus setting off this specific reaction
antigens
a decrease in cell size, which leads to a decrease in the size of tissue and organ
atrophy
a=without
trophy=growth
the state when the immune system attacks itself
autoimmunity
the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention and treatment of obesity
bariatrics
having limited growth;n noncancerous
benign
a measurement obtained by dividing the individual’s weight in pounds by his or her height in inches; this scale is used to determine levels of obesity
body mass index (BMI)
a term used to describe any individual who has an ill, thin, wasted appearance
cachexia
any malignant tumor
cancer
when two or more conditions or diseases occur at the same time
comorbidity
present at birth; usually concerning a congenital anomaly or an abnormality present at birth
congenital
diseases related to aging, or destruction of tissue, functions, and use
degenerative
an alteration in size, shape, and organization of cells
dysplasia
enclosed in a capsule; term used to describe benign tumors
encapsulated
relating to the small intestine
enteral
a condition occuring when saprophytic (dead-tissue loving) bacteria become involved in necrotic tissue
gangrene
an increase in cell number; overgrowth in response to some type of stimuli
hyperplasia
hyper=too much
plasia=growth
an increase in the size of the cell, leading to an increase in tissue and organ size
hypertrophy
not enough oxygen in tissues
hypoxia
hypo=low
oxia=oxygen
the state when the immune response is unable to defend the body due to a decrease or absence of leukocytes, primarily lymphocytes
immunodeficiency
necrosis of cells or tissues due to ischemia
infarct
invasion of microorganisms into the tissue, causing cell or tissue injury, thus leading to the inflammatory response
infection
a basic pathologic process of cytologic and chemical reactions that occur in the blood vessels and tissues in response to an injury or irritation; a protective immune response that is triggered by any type of injury or irritant
inflammation
hypoxia of cells or tissues caused by decreased blood flow
ischemia
isch-hold back
emia-blood
deadly or progressing to death; cancerous
malignant
a cellular adaption in which the cell changes to another type of cell
metaplasia
to move or to spread
metastasize
spreads from a site of origin to a secondary site in the body
metastatic
the state of being deceased
morbidity
motor vehicle accident
motor vehicle accidents (MVAs)
cellular death
necrosis
the development of a new type of cell with an uncontrolled growth pattern
neoplasia
an increase in cell number, leading to an increase tissue size, commonly called tumors
neoplasms
the study of tumors
oncology
the process in which the body’s immune system recognizes an organ (after a transplant) as foreign and attacks it, leading to organ death
organ rejection
a delivery route for fluid for hydration, nutrition, or medications that includes subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous administration
parenteral
intravenously giving a special solution that meets the nutritional needs of the individual
total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
a physical or mental injury
trauma
the prioritizing of care
triage
“swelling” or growth, originally used in the description of the swelling related to inflammation
tumors
