Chapter 6 Flashcards
Synthetic
Drugs that are not naturally occurring; produced in laboratory
Semisynthetic
A naturally occurring compound that has been chemically altered
Synthesized
Produced in a laboratory to imitate a naturally occurring compound
Natural Drugs
Drugs that occur in nature. Derived or extracted from plants, animals, and minerals.
Plant Sources
Natural products that can be used as drugs, active ingredients or precursor for the synthesis of a drug.
Ex: Acetylsalicylic Acid, Cocaine, Codeine, Morphine, Digoxin, Vincristine, Vinblastine etc.
Animal Sources
Another primary source for natural drugs.
Ex: Bovine insulin, Porcine insulin, Pepsine, Thyroid Hormones
Mineral Sources
Naturally occurring solid chemical substances found in the Earth and soil, another natural source for drugs.
Ex: Ferrous Sulfate (iron), Fold, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium Chloride, Zinc
Synthetic Drug Sources
Drugs produced in the laboratory and are not naturally occurring.
Ex: Adrenalin, Amoxicillin, Barbiturates, OxyContin
Genetically Engineered Drug Sources
Genetically engineered drugs are synthetic drugs produced by means of recombination DNA (rDNA) or monoclonal antibodies (MAbs).
Ex: Human Insulin, Recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine, Rituxan, Zevalin, Erbitux, Avastin
Recombinant DNA
(Genetically Engineered Drug Sources)
When manufacturers use recombinant DNA, they combine two different DNA strands to produce a new strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or rDNA.
Monoclonal antibodies MAbs
(Genetically Engineered Drug Sources)
MAbs are hybrid cells created in the laboratory from animals. These new cells can be used to treat tumors and diagnose varios conditions.
Nomenclature
Set of names; way of naming
Health maintenance organization (HMO)
A type of healthcare/insurance plan.
Formulary
A listing of drugs approved for use or reimbursement.
Drug Nomenclature
There’s 3 classifications of drug nomenclature which are the chemical name, the generic name, and the brand or trade name.
‼️Not all drugs have trade names‼️
Chemical name
(Drug Nomenclature)
The chemical name of a drug reflects the chemical structure of the compound.
Each drug is named according to the strict nomenclature guidelines of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, organization whose purpose is to advance aspects of the chemical sciences.