Chapter 6 Flashcards
methods for changing health behaviours
4 methods & examples
providing information
- educational appeals
- message framing
- fear appeals
Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
- CBT
- relapse prevention
Motivational interviewing
- Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS)
Social Engineering
- Regulation/Prohibition
- Decriminalization & Harm Reduction
- insite
Providing Information
definition and 3 ways
= Way that health information is delivered can play important role in whether or not its effective
- Educational appeal
- message framing
- fear appeal
Educational Appeals
- provide general information
- Assuming that individuals will be motivated to improve health behaviour if they have the correct information
- Dependent on How the ad is being presented
Message Framing
2 ways, what its best used for & examples
When information is either framed to emphasise benefit or cost associated with behaviour/decision
Gain-framed messages
- best for motivating behaviours that serve to prevent/recover from illness/injury
- if you exercise, you will become more fit and less likely to develop heart disease
Loss frame messages
- best for behaviours that occure infrequenly & serve to detect a health problem early
- if you dont get your blood pressure checked you could increase your chances of having a heart attack/stroke, and you wont know that your blood pressure is good
Behavioural and Cognitive Methods
definition & 2 ways
Behavioural: → helping people manage process & consequences of a behaviour
Cognitive: → changing people’s thought processes
2ways:
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
- Relapse prevention
Fear appeals
definition and when does it work
= Message framing that assumes instilling fear will lead to change
Works when:
- Emphasise consequences.
- Include personal testimonials.
- Provide specific instructions.
- Boost self-efficacy before urging them to change.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
What it does adn its goal
- promotes self-observation and self-monitoring to increase awareness and control of negative thoughts and harmful behaviours
- Regulation of thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, emotions, and behaviours through personal coping strategies
CBT in alcohol
- Identify the unrealistic thoughts contributing to the problem behaviour: → “ My friends thinks im boring when i’m sober”
- Identify triggers: → social situations
- Engage in helpful thoughts: → “ my friends like me for my personality”
relapse prevention
3 steps
- Learn to identify high-risk situations
- Acquire competent and specific coping skills
- Practise effective coping skills in high-risk situations
Relapse
defintion
= falling back to original pattern, common during changes to long term habits
Abstinence-Violation Effect
experiencing a lapse can destroy one’s confidence in remaining abstinent and precipitate a full relapse
What are the high risk situations for relapse
2 situations & examples
Intrapersonal High Risk Situations:
- Negative emotional states (e.g., anger, depression, boredom).
- Positive emotional states (e.g., celebrations).
- Exposure to alcohol-related stimuli or cues (e.g., advertisements).
- Non-specific cravings.
Interpersonal high risk situations:
- Situations involving other people, especially interpersonal conflict.
- Social pressure, both direct and indirect.
- Exposure to settings and situations that are cues (e.g., passing bar)
Motivational interviewing:
what it is & purpose. 2 key features
- 1:1 counselling. Helps to explore & resolve their ambivalence in changing a behaviour
- Follows a transtheoretical model of behaviour change in combination with CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy) methods
key features:
- Decisional balance
- persoanlized feedback
What are the 2 key features of motivational interviewing & its definition
Decisional Balance: → Clients list reasons for and against changing behaviour; used for points of discussion.
Personalised Feedback→ Clients receive information on their pattern of problem behaviour, comparisons with norms, and risk factors/consequences of behaviour.
Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS)
what it is & what it consists of
- harm reduction approach, aplying the principles of motivational interviewing
- Assessing risk of problem behaviours, obtaining commitment to monitor drinking between interviews.
- Providing personalized feedback, including comparison to norms, risks, and advice on how to drink safely.
Stragetgies for BASICS
Slowing down, spacing drinks; Different types of drinks; Drink for quality vs. quantity; Enjoy mild effects of alcohol.
