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Cross-Cultural > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Identify as a member of some groups

A

Ingroup

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2
Q

To distinguish these ingroups from outgroups is so PREVALENT in human thinking that it has been called as a

A

Üniversal human tendency

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3
Q

Have played a role in supporting or diminishing this inclination to define pthers as either in or out of our group

A

Internet and social media

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4
Q

Related to the distinction between ingroup and outgroup membership is the

A

Concept of one’s identity or self-concept

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5
Q

Aspect of identity

A

Cultural identity
Social identity
Personal identity

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6
Q

Process of cultural identity formation

A

Unexamined cultural identity
Cultural identity search
Cultural identity achievement

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7
Q

Unexamined cultural identity

A

There is little interest in exploring cultural issues
Characteristics are taken for granted

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8
Q

These people lack awareness of cultural differences

A

Young children

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9
Q

These people may not want to identify with any particular group

A

Teenagers

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10
Q

Cultural identity search

A

This stage involves exploration and questioning about one’s culture in order to learn about it

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11
Q

C.I search
For some indis, a ___ PRECIPITATES this stage, whereas for others, it just begins with _____ or ____ of everyday experiences.

A

Turning pt or crucial event
Growing awareness
Reinterpretation

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12
Q

Characterized by an increased degree of talking with family and friends about cultural issues

A

Learning

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13
Q

C.i search
There may be an ______ of this stage that may involve____ and even ____ directed at other groups

A

Emotional component
Anger
Outrage

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14
Q

C. i achievement

A

Characterized by a clear confident acceptance of oneself
Internalization of one’s cultural identity.

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15
Q

C.I achievement
People in this stage have developed ways of dealing with —- and —- so they do not INTERNALIZE other’s NEGATIVE PERCEPTION

A

Stereotype and discrimination

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16
Q

C.I achievement
They have increased ____ and____

A

Self- confideny
Positive psychological adjustment

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17
Q

Characteristics of cultural identity

A

Central
Dynamic
Multi faced

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18
Q

Cultural identities are CENTRAL to a ____

A

Person’s sense of self

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19
Q

When a component of your identity becomes conscious and important to you, or ___ your experiences get filtered through that portion of your identity

A

Activated

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20
Q

Dynamic component

A

Changing social context
Shifts

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21
Q

____Long expressed frustration at peers who have presumed that yhey are _____ and would speak with an _____

A

4th and 5th gen asian americans
Foreign born
Asian accent

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22
Q

At any given moment you have many COMPONENTS that make up your identity

A

Multifaceted components

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23
Q

In CODE SWITCHING, a man with both chinese and African-American cultural heritages may enact ______ inflected speech around his A-A family snd friends while ___\these behavior when talking with his asian relatives

A

AA inflected speech
De emphasizing

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24
Q

A learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, norms, and social practices that affect the behaviors of a relatively large group of people

A

Culture

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25
Q

3 features in the way all humans process info about others are important to our understanding of intercultural competence:

A
  1. Every moment people are presented with hundreds of different perceptual stimuli.
  2. Most people tend to think that other people perceive, evaluate, and reason about the world in the same way they do
  3. Humans simplify the organizing and processing and organizing of information from the environment
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26
Q

Info processing results in a simplification of the world so that prior experiences are used as the basis for determining both the categories and the attributes of the events.

A

Stereotyping

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27
Q

The notion that the beliefs values norms and social practices of one’s own culture are superior to those of others

A

Ethnocentrism

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28
Q

The view of things in which one’s own group is the center of everything and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it

A

Ethnocentrism

29
Q

Is a learned belief in cultural superiority

A

Ethnocentrism

30
Q

Tends to highlight and exaggerate cultural differences

A

Ethnocentrism

31
Q

Form of generalization about some grp of people

A

Stereotypes

32
Q

Categories that are used to form stereotypes about groups of people can vary widely and might include the

A

Regions of the world ( Asians, Africans, Arabs)
Countries ( China, France, Kenya, Japan)
Cities ( New Yorkers, Parisians, Londoners)
Cultures( french, eng, latino)
Races(caucasians, african)

33
Q

3 forms of stereotype inaccuracies

A

Outgrp homogeneity effect
Consequences of stereotypes
Degree of errors and exaggeration differs for positive and negative attributes

34
Q

Stereotypes may also promote _____ and ____ directed towards members of cultures other than one’s own

A

Prejudice
Discrimination

35
Q

Refers to negative attitudes toward other people that are based on faulty and inflexible stereotypes.

A

Prejudice

36
Q

Prejudiced attitudes include:

A

Irrational feelings of dislike
Hatred for certain groups
Biased perceptions and beliefs
Readiness to behave in negative and unjust ways toward members of the group.

37
Q

A universal psychological process

A

Prejudice

38
Q

One form of stereotype-based prejudice refers to a deeply held perception and expectation about others , especially those others who differ from us in fundamental ways- nationality, race, religion, gender, age sexual orientation

A

Implicit bias

39
Q

Functions of prejudice include the following:

A

Utilitarian
Value expressive
Ego-defensive
Knowledge function

40
Q

People receive rewards and avoid punishment

A

Utilitarian

41
Q

People believe that their group has certain qualities that are unique, valuable, good, their prejudicial attitudes toward pthers is a way of expressing their those values

A

Value expression function

42
Q

It protects self esteem

A

Ego-defensive

43
Q

Protect one’s self-image by denigrating or devaluing those who might make us feel less worthy.

A

Ego-defensive

44
Q

Prejudicial attitudes that people hold because of their need to have the world neatly organized and boxed into categories

A

Knowledge function

45
Q

Refere to people’s attitudes or mental representations

A

Prejudice

46
Q

Refers to the behavioral manifestations of that prejudice

A

Discrimination

47
Q

It can be thought of as prejudice “in action”

A

Discrimination

48
Q

Represents unequal treatment of certain individuals solely because of their membership in a particular grp

A

Discrimination

49
Q

Describes the knowledge function

A

Brislin

50
Q

Brief comment or communicative act that presumes negative attributes about others because of their cultural membership

A

Micro aggression

51
Q

Level of racism

A

Indi
Cultural
institutional

52
Q

Described as a tendency to categorize people who are culturally different in terms of their physical traits

A

Racism
Robert blauner

53
Q

Cumulative effects of individuals, institutions and cultures that result in the oppression of ethnic minorities

A

Racism
Taylor

54
Q

Involves beliefs attitudes and behaviors of a given person toward prople of diif social grp

A

Indi level

55
Q

Exclusion of certain people from equal participation in the society’s institutions solely because of their race.

A

Institutional level

56
Q

Example of institutional level of racism

A

Precluding jews and african and american from attending certain public schools and universities

57
Q

Cultural level

A

Denial of existence
Rejection
Oppression and power

58
Q

Example of cultural level

A

Aa seperate from both european American culture and all african culture

Negative evaluations by whites of black cultural values

59
Q

Systematic, institutionalized, mistreatment of one gro of people by another

A

Oppression

60
Q

Social structures that include govt court educational institutions assign all individuals to a racial group and then rank those groups into a hierarchy of value

A

Racialization

61
Q

Unequal positioning of groups-those at the top of the hierarchy are positively valued over those who are lower and are regarded as inferior, weak

A

Hierarchy of value

62
Q

Most extreme of racisim

A

Old fashioned racism

63
Q

Members of the group openly display obviously bigoted views about those from another group

A

Old fashioned racism

64
Q

Members of a grp with political and economic power believe that members of some other group threaten their traditional values such as individualism and self reliance

A

Symbolic racism/ modern racism

65
Q

Occurs when individuals do not perceive themselves as prejudiced because they make small concessions to while holding negative attitudes toward members of the other group

A

Tokenism

66
Q

Occurs when individuals who highly value fairness and equality among all racial and cultural groups nevertheless have negative beliefs and feelings about members of a particular race

A

Aversive racism

67
Q

The group displays behaviors that another group does not like

A

Genuine likes and dislikes

68
Q

One that everyone has experienced, simply responding to unfamiliar people may create negative attitudes because of lack of experience with the characteristics of their group

A

Degree of unfamiliarity

Cross-Cultural (3 decks)

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