Chapter 6

Question 1

Identify as a member of some groups

Answer 1

Ingroup

Question 2

To distinguish these ingroups from outgroups is so PREVALENT in human thinking that it has been called as a

Answer 2

Üniversal human tendency

Question 3

Have played a role in supporting or diminishing this inclination to define pthers as either in or out of our group

Answer 3

Internet and social media

Question 4

Related to the distinction between ingroup and outgroup membership is the

Answer 4

Concept of one’s identity or self-concept

Question 5

Aspect of identity

Answer 5

Cultural identity
Social identity
Personal identity

Question 6

Process of cultural identity formation

Answer 6

Unexamined cultural identity
Cultural identity search
Cultural identity achievement

Question 7

Unexamined cultural identity

Answer 7

There is little interest in exploring cultural issues
Characteristics are taken for granted

Question 8

These people lack awareness of cultural differences

Answer 8

Young children

Question 9

These people may not want to identify with any particular group

Answer 9

Teenagers

Question 10

Cultural identity search

Answer 10

This stage involves exploration and questioning about one’s culture in order to learn about it

Question 11

C.I search
For some indis, a ___ PRECIPITATES this stage, whereas for others, it just begins with _____ or ____ of everyday experiences.

Answer 11

Turning pt or crucial event
Growing awareness
Reinterpretation

Question 12

Characterized by an increased degree of talking with family and friends about cultural issues

Answer 12

Learning

Question 13

C.i search
There may be an ______ of this stage that may involve____ and even ____ directed at other groups

Answer 13

Emotional component
Anger
Outrage

Question 14

C. i achievement

Answer 14

Characterized by a clear confident acceptance of oneself
Internalization of one’s cultural identity.

Question 15

C.I achievement
People in this stage have developed ways of dealing with —- and —- so they do not INTERNALIZE other’s NEGATIVE PERCEPTION

Answer 15

Stereotype and discrimination

Question 16

C.I achievement
They have increased ____ and____

Answer 16

Self- confideny
Positive psychological adjustment

Question 17

Characteristics of cultural identity

Answer 17

Central
Dynamic
Multi faced

Question 18

Cultural identities are CENTRAL to a ____

Answer 18

Person’s sense of self

Question 19

When a component of your identity becomes conscious and important to you, or ___ your experiences get filtered through that portion of your identity

Answer 19

Activated

Question 20

Dynamic component

Answer 20

Changing social context
Shifts

Question 21

____Long expressed frustration at peers who have presumed that yhey are _____ and would speak with an _____

Answer 21

4th and 5th gen asian americans
Foreign born
Asian accent

Question 22

At any given moment you have many COMPONENTS that make up your identity

Answer 22

Multifaceted components

Question 23

In CODE SWITCHING, a man with both chinese and African-American cultural heritages may enact ______ inflected speech around his A-A family snd friends while ___\these behavior when talking with his asian relatives

Answer 23

AA inflected speech
De emphasizing

Question 24

A learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, norms, and social practices that affect the behaviors of a relatively large group of people

Answer 24

Culture

Question 25

3 features in the way all humans process info about others are important to our understanding of intercultural competence:

Answer 25

1. Every moment people are presented with hundreds of different perceptual stimuli. 2. Most people tend to think that other people perceive, evaluate, and reason about the world in the same way they do 3. Humans simplify the organizing and processing and organizing of information from the environment

Question 26

Info processing results in a simplification of the world so that prior experiences are used as the basis for determining both the categories and the attributes of the events.

Answer 26

Stereotyping

Question 27

The notion that the beliefs values norms and social practices of one’s own culture are superior to those of others

Answer 27

Ethnocentrism

Question 28

The view of things in which one’s own group is the center of everything and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it

Answer 28

Ethnocentrism

Question 29

Is a learned belief in cultural superiority

Answer 29

Ethnocentrism

Question 30

Tends to highlight and exaggerate cultural differences

Answer 30

Ethnocentrism

Question 31

Form of generalization about some grp of people

Answer 31

Stereotypes

Question 32

Categories that are used to form stereotypes about groups of people can vary widely and might include the

Answer 32

Regions of the world ( Asians, Africans, Arabs) Countries ( China, France, Kenya, Japan) Cities ( New Yorkers, Parisians, Londoners) Cultures( french, eng, latino) Races(caucasians, african)

Question 33

3 forms of stereotype inaccuracies

Answer 33

Outgrp homogeneity effect Consequences of stereotypes Degree of errors and exaggeration differs for positive and negative attributes

Question 34

Stereotypes may also promote _____ and ____ directed towards members of cultures other than one’s own

Answer 34

Prejudice Discrimination

Question 35

Refers to negative attitudes toward other people that are based on faulty and inflexible stereotypes.

Answer 35

Prejudice

Question 36

Prejudiced attitudes include:

Answer 36

Irrational feelings of dislike Hatred for certain groups Biased perceptions and beliefs Readiness to behave in negative and unjust ways toward members of the group.

Question 37

A universal psychological process

Answer 37

Prejudice

Question 38

One form of stereotype-based prejudice refers to a deeply held perception and expectation about others , especially those others who differ from us in fundamental ways- nationality, race, religion, gender, age sexual orientation

Answer 38

Implicit bias

Question 39

Functions of prejudice include the following:

Answer 39

Utilitarian Value expressive Ego-defensive Knowledge function

Question 40

People receive rewards and avoid punishment

Answer 40

Utilitarian

Question 41

People believe that their group has certain qualities that are unique, valuable, good, their prejudicial attitudes toward pthers is a way of expressing their those values

Answer 41

Value expression function

Question 42

It protects self esteem

Answer 42

Ego-defensive

Question 43

Protect one’s self-image by denigrating or devaluing those who might make us feel less worthy.

Answer 43

Ego-defensive

Question 44

Prejudicial attitudes that people hold because of their need to have the world neatly organized and boxed into categories

Answer 44

Knowledge function

Question 45

Refere to people’s attitudes or mental representations

Answer 45

Prejudice

Question 46

Refers to the behavioral manifestations of that prejudice

Answer 46

Discrimination

Question 47

It can be thought of as prejudice “in action”

Answer 47

Discrimination

Question 48

Represents unequal treatment of certain individuals solely because of their membership in a particular grp

Answer 48

Discrimination

Question 49

Describes the knowledge function

Answer 49

Brislin

Question 50

Brief comment or communicative act that presumes negative attributes about others because of their cultural membership

Answer 50

Micro aggression

Question 51

Level of racism

Answer 51

Indi Cultural institutional

Question 52

Described as a tendency to categorize people who are culturally different in terms of their physical traits

Answer 52

Racism Robert blauner

Question 53

Cumulative effects of individuals, institutions and cultures that result in the oppression of ethnic minorities

Answer 53

Racism Taylor

Question 54

Involves beliefs attitudes and behaviors of a given person toward prople of diif social grp

Answer 54

Indi level

Question 55

Exclusion of certain people from equal participation in the society’s institutions solely because of their race.

Answer 55

Institutional level

Question 56

Example of institutional level of racism

Answer 56

Precluding jews and african and american from attending certain public schools and universities

Question 57

Cultural level

Answer 57

Denial of existence Rejection Oppression and power

Question 58

Example of cultural level

Answer 58

Aa seperate from both european American culture and all african culture Negative evaluations by whites of black cultural values

Question 59

Systematic, institutionalized, mistreatment of one gro of people by another

Answer 59

Oppression

Question 60

Social structures that include govt court educational institutions assign all individuals to a racial group and then rank those groups into a hierarchy of value

Answer 60

Racialization

Question 61

Unequal positioning of groups-those at the top of the hierarchy are positively valued over those who are lower and are regarded as inferior, weak

Answer 61

Hierarchy of value

Question 62

Most extreme of racisim

Answer 62

Old fashioned racism

Question 63

Members of the group openly display obviously bigoted views about those from another group

Answer 63

Old fashioned racism

Question 64

Members of a grp with political and economic power believe that members of some other group threaten their traditional values such as individualism and self reliance

Answer 64

Symbolic racism/ modern racism

Question 65

Occurs when individuals do not perceive themselves as prejudiced because they make small concessions to while holding negative attitudes toward members of the other group

Answer 65

Tokenism

Question 66

Occurs when individuals who highly value fairness and equality among all racial and cultural groups nevertheless have negative beliefs and feelings about members of a particular race

Answer 66

Aversive racism

Question 67

The group displays behaviors that another group does not like

Answer 67

Genuine likes and dislikes

Question 68

One that everyone has experienced, simply responding to unfamiliar people may create negative attitudes because of lack of experience with the characteristics of their group

Answer 68

Degree of unfamiliarity