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Chapter 07 Flashcards

1
Q

It means consisting of words

A

Verbal

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2
Q

Is a set of rules about the use of words in the creation of messages

A

Verbal code

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3
Q

Verbal codes include both…

A

Oral spoken language
Non-oral written language

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4
Q

Essential ingredients of verbal codes

A

Symbols
Rule systems

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5
Q

Essential ingredient of both verbal and nonverbal codes

A

Symbols

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6
Q

Words, actions or objects that stand for or represent units of meaning

A

Symbols

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7
Q

5 rule systems that constitute verbal codes

A

Phonology
Morphology
Semantics
Syntatics
Pragmatics

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8
Q

The basic sound units of a language

A

Phonemes

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9
Q

Rules for combining phonemes

A

Phonology

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10
Q

Governs the composition and ordering of the symbols

A
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11
Q

When you listen to someone who speaks a language other than your own, you will often hear ___ sounds

A

Strange

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12
Q

Phonological rules of language tell speakers which:

A

Sounds to use
How to order them

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13
Q

English depends on how many number pf phonemes

A

45

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14
Q

_____ of another language requires ___in reproducing its sounds accurately.

A

Mastery
Practice

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15
Q

___ of 2nd language speakers can sometimes provoke ______ reactions in native speakers.

A

Accent
Negative

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16
Q

Phonemes combine to form ___ which are the smallest units of meaning in a language

A

Morphemes

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17
Q

45 english phonemes can be used to generate more than _____

A

50 million morphemes

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18
Q

_____\ can have very unintended meanings

A

Pronunciation errors

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19
Q

Study of the meaning of words

A

Semantics

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20
Q

Most convenient and thorough source of information about the semantics of a language

A

Dictionary

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21
Q

It is the study of the relationship between words and what they stand for or represent

A

Semantics

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22
Q

Communicating ________necessitates learning a new set of semantics rules

A

Interculturally

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23
Q

When learning a 2nd language much time is devoted to learning the appropriate ____ bet the words and the specific objects, events or feelings that the language system assigns to them.

A

Associations

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24
Q

______ visiting great britian will confront new meanings for words- for example boot refers to the storage place in a car

A

US AMERICAN

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25
Public, objective, and legal meanings of a word
Denotative meaning
26
Meanings that are found in the dictionary or book
Denotative meanings
27
Personal, emotionally charged, private and specific to a particular person.
Connotative meanings
28
Relationship of words to one another,
Syntactics
29
The effect of language on human perceptions and behaviors
Pragmatics
30
A study that focuses on how language is actually used
Pragmatic
31
It considers how users of a particular language are able to understand the meanings of specific utterances in particular contexts
Pragmatics
32
You understand how to participate in a conversation and you know how to sequence the sentences you speak as part of the conversation
Pragmatics
33
Use of verbal signs in one language to understand the verbal signs of another language.
Translation
34
Refers to the transfer of written verbal codes between languages
Translation
35
Types of equivalence
Vocabulary Idiomatic Grammatical-syntactical Conceptual Experiential
36
The goal of interpreting from one language to another is to represent the source language as closely as possible
Equivalence
37
The interpreter seeks a word in a target language that has the same meaning in the source language
Vocabulary equivalence
38
It is an expression that has a meaning contrary to the usual meaning of the words.
Idiom
39
Some languages make grammatical distinctions that others do not, “tenses”
Grammatical-syntactical
40
Refers to cultural patterns being part of a person’s definition of reality.
Conceptual equivalence
41
To understand the effects of language on intercultural communication, questions such as the following must be explored:
Initial experiences, influence Categories of language- grammar words usage
42
In_____, _____ began to articulate an _____ asserting that language influenced or even determined the ways in which people thought.
1921 Edward Sapir Alternative view of language
43
English language refers to time as a ___ point that exist on a linear plane divided into past, present, and future
Specific
44
Plays a powerful role in shaping how people think and experience the world
Language
45
Sapir and whorf’s major contribution to the study of intercultural communication is that they called attention to the
Integrel rel among Thought Language Culture
46
A language with few terms to show status and respect tends to ____ those status distinctions in the minds of the language’s users
Minimize
47
The very heart of a culture is its____ and that a culture dies if its____ dies
Language
48
The extent to which a culture maintains a powerful sense of identification with a particular language
Perceived ethnolinguistic vitality
49
Refers to the individuals subjective perception of the status, demographic characteristics and institutional support of the language community.
Perceived ethnolinguistic vitality
50
Howard Giles has concluded that:
Few members of the culture… Members of the culture lack strong political economic and social status Institutional support is weak
51
In interpersonal communication ____ is used to discern ingrp and outgroup members
Language
52
In his communication accommodation theory, howard giles factors…
Knowledge of others comm patterns Converge or diverge Skills
53
Version of a language with distinctive vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation that ate spoken by particular groups of people or within particular regions
Dialect
54
Studies repeatedly find that accented speech and dialects provoke ______ reactions in listeners
Stereotyped
55
Selection of the languages to be used in a particular intxn by indis who can speak multiple languages
Code switching
56
The _____ of a language reflects what you need to know to cope with the envt and the patterns of your culture
Vocabulary
57
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that the _____\ are accompanied by______
Linguistic differences Perceptual differences
58
Camel
Classical arabic
59
Kamayura indians of brazil
Single word for rainbow spectrum blue and green
60
A better explanation for linguistic differences is …
Complexity Richness is language’s vocabulary
61
___ of a language is related to the perceptions of its users .
Grammar
62
_____ refer to time as
Hoping Movement in the stream of life
63
Spanish speaking cultures would be MORE LIKELY to value
Hierarchical social organization Large power distance
64
Reflect the relative social status between the addressee and addresser
Japanese Chinese Koreans
65
There are specific words for all siblings
Hindi Koreans
66
The _____ of a language reflects what you need to know to cope with the envt and the patterns of your culture.
Vocabulary
67
The____ and ___ of language gently nudge you to notice particular kinds of things in your world and to label them in particular ways.
Semantics and syntactics
68
US americans speak ______ first languages other than _____
Many English
69
Canada has two official languages
French English
70
Belgium has 3 official languages
French German Flemish
71
This theory explains why people in intercultural conversations may choose to converge or diverge their communication behaviors to that of others
Communication accommodation theory by howard giles
72
Alternative versions of a language
Dialect Accent Argot Jargon
73
US American may regard someone speaking English with a British accent as more ____
Cultured or refined
74
About ___ % of the African American community uses _____.
90% Ebonics
75
Ebonics reflects an intersection of
Western African languages and European anerican english
76
Distinguishable marks of pronounciation
Accent
77
Set of words or terms that are shared by those with a common profession or experience
Jargon
78
Specialized language that is used by a large group within a culture to define the boundaries of their group from others who are in more powerful position in society
Argot

Cross-Cultural (3 decks)

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