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P.E active recall > chapter 6 > Flashcards

chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

define personality

A

a range of characteristics , thoughts and feelings and behaviours that make a person unique

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2
Q

define traits

A

they are your stable , underlying aspects of personality we are born with innate characteristics called traits

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3
Q

what is the trait theory

A

attempts to predict behaviour because it says that sports people always behave in the same way in sports situations so this becomes predictable

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4
Q

what is the social learning thoery

A

perosnonality is learnt from significant others / role models (parents or friends)
through the process of socialisation
personality traits that are reinforced are more likely to be learnt
people learn through observing and coping others
OBSERVE - IDENTIFY - REINFORCE - COPY E.G USAIN BOTLS DAB

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5
Q

define attitudes

A

a value aimed at an attidute object

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6
Q

define trait theory

A

a theory which suggests that innate characteristics produce consistent behaviour

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7
Q

define interactionists prospective

A

a theory which combines trait and social learning to predict behaviour in a specific situation

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8
Q

define extrovert

A

extroverts have loud and bright personalities

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9
Q

what is the Lewin approach to personality

A

F(PXE)
behaviour is a function of personality and the environment. the interactionist approach attempts to help coaches by predicting how a player will react in a specific situation. the idea is that since inherent , consistent traits can be adapted to the situation, those traits will produce a typical response

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10
Q

what is the Hollander approach to interactionist theory

A

personality is made up by 3 features

  1. core of the performer , the typical responses and the role related behaviour . core represents values and beliefs of the individual. core is stable and solid and not likely to change
  2. typical responses , the use of inherent traits displayed to specific situations
  3. role related behaviour , suggest that the performer might adopt to a very specific role when the situation demands it.
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11
Q

how might a coach use information from the interactionist theory help improve performance ?

A
  1. allows the coach to predict certain situations. e.g players getting hot headed and substituting them before this becomes an issue
  2. identify specific situations that cause poor performance and stimulate these in training to help a player cope
  3. help offer advice and support from situations that are likely to occur such a penalty in football
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12
Q

what is the credulous approach

A

when the link between personality and behaviour is accepted

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13
Q

what is the sceptical approach

A

when the link between personality and behaviour is doubted

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14
Q

how do we form an attitude

A

attitudes are developed by associating with others and picking up on their opinions and values a process called socialisation
we tend to pick these up from significant others such as friends parents and role models

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15
Q

what are the 3 components of attitude in the triadic model

A

Cognitive
Affective
Behavioural

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16
Q

what is the cognitive part of attitude

A

represents your beliefs

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17
Q

what is the affective part of attitude

A

concerns the feelings and emotions of the player and how those feelings are interpreted

18
Q

what is the behavioural part of attitude

A

shows the actions and habits of the performer

19
Q

what are the two concepts used to change attitudes

A

cognitive dissonance
persuasive communication

20
Q

what is cognitive dissonance (how does it work)

A

the coach attempts to put pressure on one or more of the attitude components so that the performer becomes uneasy (psychological discomfort ) and is motivated to change their existing attitude , so that discomfort is resolved

21
Q

define cognitive dissonance

A

when new information is given to a performer to cause unease and motivate change

22
Q

what are the 3 smaller ways in cognitive dissonance that attitude can be changed

A
  1. making the activity fun and varying practice which may make session more enjoyable as if the activity is more fun than first thought , it may help to change their opinion
    2.using rewards and reinforcement may increase the turnout at training and at games if their is a prize for player of the week
    3.the coach could bring in a specialist or role model player from another club to encourage participation
23
Q

what is the definition of persuasion

A

an effective communication to promote change

24
Q

what is persuasive communication

A

the communication to the performer needs to be relevant and important and the message given needs to be understood
the giver of the message/ communication also needs to be of high status perhaps a role mode or an expert so the impact of the message is high
the coach may also need to think of their timing when attempting to persuade the athlete to change their attitude

25
Q

define arousal

A

a level of activation , a degree of readiness to perform

26
Q

what does the drive theory state

A

as arousal increases so does performance p=f(dxh)
increased motivation causes increased drive

27
Q

define dominant response

A

the stand out response that the performer thinks is correct

28
Q

why might the drive theory be incorrect and correct when talking about a dominant response

A

may be incorrect as increased drive does not always improve performance. it is unrealistic to suggest that performance always keeps improving.at high arousal less information is processed and the performer tends to concentrate on the “dominant response” - the response thought to be correct.
in experts the the dominant response is usually correct and performance levels remain high however with beginners the dominant response may not be developed so the beginner may choose the wrong option and the probability of poor performance increases.

29
Q

what happens if the task is complex for the drive theory

A

performance may be impaired because there is a lot of info to process and think about , yet at high arousal the ability to processes this info reduces and some important cues could be ignored.

30
Q

what happens if the task is simple for the drive theory

A

simple task does not require much thinking and cab be performed well at high levels of arousal

31
Q

define the inverted u theory

A

theory linking arousal and performance by stating that increased arousal improves performance to an optimal point at moderate levels of arousal

32
Q

define the catastrophe theory

A

theory suggesting that increased arousal improves performance to an optimal point but there is a dramatic reduction in performance when arousal increases beyond the optimal

33
Q

blurt everything you know about the zone of optimal functioning

A

hanin
-suggested that increases in arousal can improve performance and that the optimal level does vary for each individual players from low to high levels , rather than a point of optimal arousal , the best level of arousal for maximum confidence and control in sport is an area or zone

34
Q

what happens when you are in the zone of optimal performace

A

performance is flowing effortlessly , the athlete feels in control of their actions and totally focused on their performance and the performer reaches a state of supreme confidence and remains calm under pressure

35
Q

blurt the peak flow experience

A

an extension of the feelings and performance levels experienced in the zone
ultimate internal experience characterised by a belief in ability to complete the challenge , clear goals , total focus , effortless movement and the feeling of control
experience comes from a positive mental attitude high levels of confidence , feeling of relaxation and anxiety control

36
Q

factors that affect peak flow

A

poor mental preparation and failure to meet optimal arousal , environmental issues e.g pressure from the crowd , the negative affect of injury of fatigue in a game

37
Q

what is competitive trait anxiety

A

performer perceives competitive situations as threatening. they feel fear before all competitive games regardless of the event or chance of winning the athlete just feels nerves each time

38
Q

what is competitive state anxiety

A

level of anxiety during competitive situations. this is ore temporary and might be taking a penalty in a hockey game that would mean winning

39
Q

what is cognitive anxiety

A

pyschological responses / thoughts and worries of performer / doubs in thier ability to complete the task

40
Q

what is somatic anxiety

A

physiological reposes of a performer , increases hear rate / sweating

41
Q

when does the different types of anxiety come ?

A

somatic anxiety tends to increase just before a comp or major game is due to begin and reduces as performance is underway
cognitive anxiety is present earlier and must be controlled

P.E active recall (6 decks)

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