Chapter 6 Flashcards
What is Morphology?
The study of the form of words.
What is a Morpheme?
smallest units of meaning found within words.
Free morphemes + Examples
Morphemes that can stand alone
Example:
- Friend
Bound Morpheme + example
A morpheme that cannot stand alone.
Example:
- the -ly in friendly
Free: Lexical and Functional Morphemes
Lexical:
- Words that carry content : Girl, Boy, Follow
- usually noun, adjective,verbs
- Open class
Functional:
- Closed class
- Conjunction, prepositions, articles, pronouns
- ex: above, in, it, the
Bound: Derivational and Inflectional
Derivational:
- Affixes to change category of word
- ness, ly, re
Inflectional:
- indicate comparative/possessive, singular/plural, verb tense
- s,’s / s,ing,ed,en / er,est
Morph
A morph is a sound that has a grammatical function.
ex: the s in cats
Allomorph
A group of morphs
How many morphemes are there in the word terrorists?
3 (Terror-ist-s)
What kind of morpheme is the suffix in slowly?
Bound and Derivational
What are the functional morphemes in the following sentence?
When she walked into the room, the doctor asked me if I had a sore throat or an annoying cough.
When, she, into, the, the, me, if, I, a, or, an.
(i) List the bound morphemes in these words: fearlessly, happier, misleads, previewer, shortening, unreconstructed
(ii) Which of these words has a bound stem: consist, deceive, introduce, repeat?
(i) -less, -ly, -er, mis-, -s, pre-, -er, -en, -ing, un-, re-, -ed.
(ii) All of them (-sist, -ceive, -duce, -peat).
Which of these words contains an allomorph of the morpheme “past tense”?
are, have, must, sitting, waits
None
Which word(s) in the following sentence would you put in a closed class?
Bob brought hot donuts to class.
to
Which word(s) in the following sentence would you put in an open class? I put it on the shelf near you and him.
put, shelf
How many regular inflectional morphemes are there in English?
8
What are the inflectional morphemes in these expressions?
(a) Have you eaten yet?
(b) Do you know how long I’ve been waiting?
(c) She’s younger than me and always dresses in the latest style.
(d) We looked through my grandmother’s old photo albums.
(e) My parents’ parents were all from Scotland.
(a) -en, (b) -en, -ing, (c) -er, -es, -est, (d) -ed, -’s, -s, (e) -s’, -s.
What is the difference between the -er morphemes in the words smaller and singer?
We add -er to the adjective small to create another adjective smaller. Since
this doesn’t change the category of the word (adjective → adjective), it is an
inflectional morpheme. When we add -er to the verb sing, we get the noun singer.
This process does change the category of the word (verb → noun) in this case, so
it is a derivational morpheme.
What are the allomorphs of the morpheme “plural” in the following set of English words?
criteria, dogs, oxen, deer, judges, stimuli
a (or -on → -a); -s; -en; Ø; -es or /-əz/; -i (or -us → -i).
