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Linguistics Exam > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Neologism

A

A new word or phrase that has come into common use

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2
Q

Etymology

A

The study of the origin and history of a word

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3
Q

Borrowing : What is it?

A

Taking over of words from other languages.

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4
Q

Borrowing: 3 Exampes

A
  • Croissant (french)
  • Piano (italian)
  • Yogurt (Turkish)
  • Pretzel (German)
  • Sofa (Arabic)
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5
Q

Loan Translation/ Calque : What is it?

A

A word for word, morpheme for morpheme translation of a word from one language to another.

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6
Q

Loan Translation/ Calque: 3 examples

A
  • Perros Caliente (Hot dogs)
  • Futball ( Football)
  • Chofer (Chauffeur)
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7
Q

Compounding: What is it?

A

Two separate words being joined to produce a single word

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8
Q

Compounding : 3 examples

A
  • Rainbow
    -Suitcase
    -Waterfall
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9
Q

Blending : What is it?

A

Blending the beginning of one word and the ending of another to create a single word.

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10
Q

Blending: 3 Examples

A
  • Brunch (BReakfast + LUNCH)
  • Motel (Motor + hOTEL)
  • Canoodle ( CANOe + padDLE)
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11
Q

Clipping: What is it?

A

A word of more than one syllable is reduced in form.

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12
Q

Clipping: 3 Examples

A
  • Gas (Gasoline)
  • Exam (Examination)
  • Sam (Samantha)
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13
Q

Hypocorism: What is it?

A

A word is reduced to a shorter form and -y or -ie is added to the end.

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14
Q

Hypocorism: 3 Examples

A
  • Aussie (Australian)
  • Brekkie (Breakfast)
  • Bookie (Bookmaker)
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15
Q

Backformation: What is it?

A

Words created when affixes are removed or substituted to create word of another class. Usually Nouns to Verb. A reduction process.

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16
Q

Backformation: 3 Examples

A
  • Donate (Donation)
  • Emote (Emotion)
  • Televise (Television)
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17
Q

Conversion: What is it?

A

A change in function of a word without reduction.

18
Q

Conversion: 3 Examples

A
  • Bottle to Bottled (N-V)
  • See through to See-through material (V-Adj)
    -Want to be to Wannabe (V-N)
19
Q

Coinage: What is it?

A

The creation of an entirely new word that has never existed in a language.

20
Q

Coinage: 3 Examples

A
  • Vaseline
  • Zipper
  • Tylenol
21
Q

Eponyms: What is it?

A

A new word based on a person or a place.

22
Q

Eponyms : 3 Exmaples

A
  • America (Named after Amerigo)
  • Caesar Salad (Named after Caesar)
  • Fahrenheit (Named after Gabriel F)
23
Q

Acronyms: What is it?

A

New words from the initial letters of a set of words.

24
Q

Acronym: 3 Examples

A
  • LOL
    -WTF
    -VCR
    -CD
25
Derivation: What is it?
Derives new words from existing words by adding affixes, suffix, prefixes.
26
Derivation : 3 examples
- Unhappy - Joyful - Lonely
27
Infix: What is it?
An affix incorporated in the middle of a word.
28
Infix: 3 examples
- halleBloodylujah - absofuckinglutely - unfuckingbelievable
29
Multiple processes : What is it?
When a word has more than one formation process.
30
Multiple process: Examples
- Handwashing(Compound/Conversion) - Yuppie (acronym/hypocorism)
31
When is an eponym a neologism?
When it used as a new word in a language.
32
Which word-formation process is the source of the English word modem?
Blending
33
What term is used to describe the process whereby English names such as Robert and William become Rob and Will in casual speech?
Clipping
34
In English, there is a process that creates noun phrases (the poor, the unemployed) from adjectives (poor, unemployed). What is this process called?
Conversion
35
Which two processes were involved in the creation of the verb google, as in Have you ever googled yourself??
Coinage
36
Which processes are involved in referring to your best friend as your bestie or BFF?
Hypocorism
37
What do we call the process whereby a new word is formed to be similar to an existing word?
Analogy
38
Which of the following pairs contains an example of calque? How would you describe the other(s)? (a) footobooru (Japanese) – football (English) (b) tréning (Hungarian) – training (English) (c) luna de miel (Spanish “moon of honey”) – honeymoon (English) (d) jardin d’enfants (French “garden of children”) – Kindergarten (German “children garden”)
(c) and (d) are examples of calque; (a) and (b) are borrowings.
39
Can you identify the different word-formation processes involved in producing each of the underlined words in these sentences? (a) Don’t they ever worry that they might get AIDS? (b) That’s really fandamntastic! (c) These new skateboards from Zee Designs are kickass. (d) When I’m ill, I want to see a doc, not a vet. (e) The house next door was burgled when I was babysitting the Smiths’ children. (f) I like this old sofa – it’s nice and comfy. (g) I think Robyn said she’d like a toastie for brekky. (h) You don’t need to button it because it’s got velcro inside.
(a) Acronym (“Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome”). (b) Infixing (“damn” inside “fantastic”). (c)  Compounding (“skate” + “board”) and compounding (“kick” + “ass”) and conversion (verb “kick” + noun “ass” → adjective “kickass”). (d) Clipping (“doctor”) and clipping (“veterinarian”). (e)  Backformation (verb “burgle” from noun “burglar”) and backformation (verb “babysit” from noun “babysitter,” which is a compound (“baby” + “sitter”)). (f) Borrowing (from Arabic “suffa”) and hypocorism (from “comfortable”). (g) Two examples of hypocorism from “toasted sandwich” and “breakfast.” (h)  Conversion of the noun (“a button”) to a verb, and blending of two words (“velours croché”), borrowed from French,
40
The English phrase road rage has become the expression vejvrede (“way anger”) among Danish speakers. What is this process called?
Calque
41
More than one process was involved in the creation of the forms underlined in these sentences. Can you identify the processes involved in each case? (a) Can you FedEx the books to me today? (b) Police have reported an increase in carjackings in recent months. (c) Jeeves, could you tell the maid to be sure to hoover the bedroom carpet? (d) I had to temp for a while before I got a real job. (e) Is your friend Ian still blogging? (f) Would you prefer a decaf?
(a) Blending (from Federal Express) plus conversion (noun → verb). (b) Blending (car + hijack) plus conversion (verb → noun). (c) Eponym (from William Hoover) plus conversion (noun → verb). (d) Clipping (from temporary worker) plus conversion (noun → verb) (e) Blending (web + log) plus conversion (noun → verb) (f) decaf is (usually) a reduced version of “a cup of coffee made with decaffeinated coffee,” so clipping is the most obvious process. The longer word decaffeinated is a derivation via a prefix (de-) and two suffixes (-ate + -ed) from caffeine, which was originally a borrowing from French. Conversion from noun (caffeine) to adjective (decaffeinated) to noun (decaf) has also taken place.

Linguistics Exam (6 decks)

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