Chapter 6 Flashcards
the process of adopting long-term lifestyle modification to maintain a healthy body weight on the basis of a person’s age, sex and height
weight management
methods of weight management
eating a healthy diet
increasing physical activity levels
causes of weight gain
genetics
behavior
psychology
environment
medications
medical conditions
appetite hormones
dietary strategy that cycles between periods of fasting and eating.
intermittent fasting
two types of intermittent fasting
16/8 method
5:2 method
restricts the time you’re allowed to eat, which is a simple way to reduce your calorie intake.
intermittent fasting
In a review of studies, intermittent fasting was shown to cause
3-8% weight loss over 3-24 weeks
other benefits of intermittent fasting
anti-aging effects
increased insulin sensitivity
improved brain health
reduced inflammation
are the most popular versions of plant-based diets, which restrict animal products for health, ethical, and environmental reasons.
Vegetarianism and Veganism
semi-vegetarian style of eating that encourages less meat and more plant-based foods. There are no specific rules or suggestions, making it an appealing option for people who are looking to cut back on animal products.
Flexitarian diet
examples of low-carb diets
Atkins diet
ketogenic (keto) diet
low-carb high-fat (LCHF) diet
Research suggests that low-carb diets may reduce risk factors for
heart disease
high cholesterol and blood pressure levels
restrict your carb intake, which encourages your body to use more fat as fuel. They can help you lose weight and offer many other benefits.
Low-carb diets
This advocates eating the same foods that your hunter-gatherer ancestors allegedly ate.
Paleo diet
It’s based on the theory that modern diseases are linked to the Western diet, as proponents believe that the human body hasn’t evolved to process legumes, grains, and dairy.
Paleo diet
involves restricting your fat intake to 30% of your daily calories.
Low-fat diets
aim to limit fat consumption to under 10% of calories
Very or Ultra low-fat diets
restrict fat intake because fat provides about twice the number of calories per gram, compared with the other two macronutrients — protein and carbs.
Low-fat diets
contain fewer than 10% of calories from fat, with approximately 80% of calories coming from carbs and 10% from protein.
Ultra-low-fat diets
based on foods that people in countries like Italy and Greece used to eat.
Mediterranean diet
emphasizes eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, fish, and healthy oils while restricting refined and highly processed foods. While it’s not a weight loss diet, studies show that it can promote weight loss and overall health.
Mediterranean diet
an eating plan that is designed to help treat or prevent high blood pressure, which is clinically known as hypertension.
Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet
3 Simple Steps to lose weight
- Cut back on refined carbs
- Eat protein, fat, and vegetables
- Move your body
range of psychological conditions that cause unhealthy eating habits to develop. They might start with an obsession with food, body weight, or body shape.
Eating disorders
mental health conditions marked by an obsession with food or body shape. They can affect anyone but are most prevalent among young women.
Eating disorders
Factors affecting eating disorders
genetics
brain biology
personality traits
cultural ideals
most well-known eating disorder.
Anorexia nervosa
limit their food intake or compensate for it through various purging behaviors. They have an intense fear of gaining weight, even when severely underweight.
Anorexia nervosa
eat large amounts of food in short periods of time, then purge. They fear gaining weight despite being at a normal weight.
Bulimia nervosa
It is believed to be one of the most common eating disorders, especially in the United States
Binge eating disorder
regularly and uncontrollably consume large amounts of food in short periods of time. Unlike people with other eating disorders, they do not purge.
Binge eating disorder
involves eating things that are not considered food
Pica
Pica is an eating disorder most frequently observed in…
children
pregnant women
individuals with mental disabilities
newly recognized eating disorder
• It describes a condition in which a person regurgitates food they have previously chewed and swallowed, re-chews it, and then either re-swallows it or spits it out
Rumination disorder
This rumination typically occurs within the…
first 30 minutes after a meal
The term replaces what was known as a “feeding disorder of infancy and early childhood,” a diagnosis previously reserved for children under 7 years old.
ARFID or Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
eating disorder that causes people to undereat. This is either due to a lack of interest in food or an intense distaste for how certain foods look, smell, or taste.
Avoidant/ restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
Individuals with this d/o often use purging behaviors, such as vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, or excessive exercising, to control their weight or shape. However, they do not binge.
Purging disorder
Individuals with this syndrome frequently eat excessively, often after awakening from sleep.
night eating syndrome
While not found in the DSM-5, this includes any other conditions that have symptoms similar to those of an eating d/o but don’t fit into any of the categories above.
Other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED)
Possible Nursing Diagnosis for Eating Disorders
Imbalanced Nutrition: Less/More than body requirements
Disturbed thought process
Disturbed body image, chronic low self-esteem
Deficient knowledge
Impaired parenting
