Chapter 2: Nutrition Care Process Flashcards
an in-depth evaluation of both objective and subjective data related to an individual’s food and nutrient intake, lifestyle, and medical history.
Nutrition Assessment
It is an ongoing, nonlinear and dynamic process that involves data collection and continual analysis of the patient/client’s status compared to specified criteria.
Nutrition Assessment
A-B-C-D approach to nutrition assessment
Anthropometrics
Biochemical tests
Clinical Information
Diet evaluation
Five Components of Nutrition Status
- Food/nutrition-related history
- Anthropometric measurements
- Biochemical data, medical tests and procedures 4. Nutrition-focused physical findings
- Client history
Food/nutrition-related history
• Diet history
• Food and beverage intake
• Medication/supplement use
• Enteral and parenteral intake
refers to the daily eating pattern of an individual, including specific foods and calories consumed and relative quantities.
Dietary Intake Data
a detailed daily record of the food and drink one consumes over a certain period of time.
Food Diary
consist of a finite list of foods and beverages with response categories to indicate the usual frequency of consumption over the time period queried.
Food Frequency Questionnaire
a structured interview intended to capture detailed information about all foods and beverages consumed by the respondent in the past 24 hours, most commonly, from midnight to midnight of previous day.
24 - hour diet recall
Provide either an estimated or actual determination of some aspect of body composition.
Anthropometric measurements
Anthropometric measurements
Weight, Weight History
Height
BMI
Growth Patterns
describesrelativeweightforheightandissignificantly
correlated with total body fat content.
BMI
use to determine one’s body fat distribution.
Waist-Hip Ratio
Normal value for waist-hip ratio for women:
less than 0.8
Normal value for waist-hip ratio for men
less than 1.0
to determine body fats stores and nutritional status. The most common measurement site is triceps skin fold (TSF). Measurements can also be performed in subscapular and suprailiac skin folds.
Skinfold thickness
provides information on skeletal muscle mass.
Mid-arm and mid-arm muscle circumferences (MAC)
determines the percentage of red blood cell of whole blood. It reflects the body’s iron supply. It is the iron component of the blood that transports oxygen.
Hemoglobin
a ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the volume of all these components together, called whole blood
Hematocrit
a protein that regulates iron absorption. It can be measured by the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) (the amount of iron which it can bind). Serum iron is the amount of transferrin-bound iron
Transferrin
Measures visceral protein status
Total lymphocyte count
Protein malnutrition has been shown to decrease immune function. This diminished reaction to antigen is called
anergy
It is an indicator of visceral protein status. Because it has a long half-life (about 20 days), it is not an indicator that detects subtle or early changes in nutritional status.
Albumin
Also called thyroxine-binding prealbumin is the transport protein for thyroxine and retinol-binding protein. The half-life is 24-48 hours so it is an excellent value to monitor the effects of recent nutritional support and changes in nutritional status.
Prealbumin
Normal Glucose level for Adult - Fasting serum:
70 - 110 mg/dl
Normal Glucose level for Adult - Nonfasting:
85 - 125 mg/dl
Normal Glucose level for Child:
60 - 100 mg/dl
a substance normally excreted in the urine; it is dependent on the amount of skeletal muscle mass and it measures the amount of protein reserves.
Creatinine
Urine creatinine is tested after collecting a 24-hour urine sample. An ideal urine creatinine level by height table is used to establish the denominators in the equation used to calculate
Creatinine height index
Normal value for CHI:
greater than 90%
CHI between 80% and 90% indicates
mild protein deficiency
CHI between 70% and 80% indicates
moderate protein deficiency
CHI of less than 70% indicates
severe protein deficiency
usually taken into the body in the form of food protein sources. It is one of the compounds of amino acids.
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is incorporated into protein and excreted in urine and feces. This balance of intake of nitrogen to output of nitrogen is compared, usually with a 24-hour urine sample.
Nitrogen Balance
A negative nitrogen balance is abnormal and indicates a ___________(the body excretes more nitrogen than is consumed).
catabolic state
Radiographic studies are used to determine bone formation and to assess development.
Diagnostic data
a five step nationally recognized and validated screening tool to identify ADULTS who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. It is the most commonly used screening tool in the UK and is suitable for use in hospitals, community and other care settings.
Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool ‘MUST’
What are the five steps of MUST?
BMI score
Weight loss score
Acute disease effect score
Overall risk of malnutrition
Management guidelines
proven nutritional assessment tool that has been found to be highly predictive of nutrition-associated complications
Subjective Global Assessment
a validated nutrition screening and assessment tool that can identify geriatric patients age 65 and above who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. The MNA® was developed nearly 20 years ago and is the most well validated nutrition screening tool for the elderly.
Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
The aim of this review is to summarize current evidences on the use of this tool with particular focus on the rationales of its application in elderly healthcare.
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index
