Chapter 6 Flashcards
What is person perception?
Mental processes used to evaluate and judge other people
Explain the halo effect
Those deemed to have a positive trait (smart, kind, attractive etc.) are categorised as more interesting, mentally healthy, skilled and intelligent.
EXAMPLE: A student that is quiet and respectful in class may be assumed to be a high achiever academically
Explain the horn effect
An incorrect assumption that if someone has one negative trait, they must have more negative traits.
EXAMPLE: A student that is loud in class may be assumed to be a low achiever academically.
Explain the reverse halo effect
Those deemed to have a positive trait (smart, kind, attractive etc.) are incorrectly assumed to have many negative traits.
EXAMPLE: A student that may be very social could be perceived as manipulative or mean.
Explain internal (dispositional) attribution
An explanation of behaviour due to characterises of the person involved. (reliability, mood, personal beliefs)
Explain external (situational) attribution
An explanation of behaviour due to factors associated with the situation the person is in. (War, political moves, weather)
Explain “just-world fallacy” and give an example
The belief that the world is generally a place where people get whet they deserve and deserve what they get
EXAMPLE: If you study hard, you will have a successful career
Explain actor-observer bias and give an example.
As actors we attribute our own behaviours to situational influences, but as observers attribute others behaviours to their personal influences. (Being hypocritical)
EXAMPLE: Judging a person for not throwing out their rubbish, but when you do the same, you blame it on the lack of bins.
Explain confirmation bias and given an example
Confirmation bias is the tendency to only pay attention to information that supports your beliefs, and ignore all information that disproves your beliefs.
EXAMPLE: You believe the COVID-19 vaccine does not work, and you only research the articles that back up this belief, rather than looking at the ones that say the vaccine does in fact work.
Explain self-serving bias and give an example
When we blame our failures on external factors and blame our successes on internal factors.
EXAMPLE: You got your maths test back and you got 96% , and you claim that you studied really hard and it was your own effort that got you that mark. On your next maths test you get a 34% you blame the test for being too hard.
Explain false consensus bias and give an example
The belief that everyone shares the same opinion and beliefs as you do.
