chapter 6

Question 1

Health coverage that is provided to all people equally from the goverment, so health does not come at the cost of financial hardship

Answer 1

universal health coverage

Question 2

the migration of health personnel around the world in search of better standard of living and quality of life

Answer 2

Brain Drain

Question 3

The sum of organizations, institutions and resources whoese primary purpose is to improve health

Answer 3

health system

Question 4

first contact of the health care system that is person-focused, ongoing care overtime

Answer 4

primary care

Question 5

Medical care provided by a specialist or facility upon referral by a primary care physician

Answer 5

secondary care

Question 6

the wide range of fuctions carried out by governments

Answer 6

stewardship

Question 7

Which section of the Sustainable Development Goals is related to health care systems?

Answer 7

target 3

Question 8

What are the three goals for every health system?

Answer 8

good health, responsiveness to the expectations of the population and fairness of financial contribution

Question 9

What are the four functions of the health care systems?

Answer 9

provide health services, raise money, pay for health services, and govern and regulate the system

Question 10

What should all health care systems do?

Answer 10

provide acess to health services, protect the sick and their families against the financial costs of ill health, and imporve the overally health of the population

Question 11

what does the WHO think that are the building blocks of a good health system?

Answer 11

service delivery, health workforce, information, medical products, financing and leadership

Question 12

What do all health care systems have to do for the building blocks accroding to WHO?

Answer 12

improve access, coverage, quality and safety

Question 13

What are the overall goals of a good health care system accroding to WHO?

Answer 13

improved health, responsiveness, social and financial risk protection, and improved efficiency

Question 14

Health care system that is organized by the government and the government is the only provider of health services, hence it pays for everything

Answer 14

National Health service

Question 15

Health care is paid for by the governement, but the health system is run partly by private organizations and public organizations

Answer 15

national health insurance

Question 16

The government plays no role in the financing of health care and only in it’s regualtion

Answer 16

pluralistic

Question 17

What countries view universal health care as a right?

Answer 17

Most high-income, middle income and some low income countires

Question 18

Who owns the majority of the health care sector in pluralistic countries?

Answer 18

the public sector

Question 19

How is money generated for the health care system?

Answer 19

general taxes and from payroll taxes.

Question 20

How does pluralistic settings distribute health insurance?

Answer 20

if they distribute any health insurance at all then it only is provided to special groups and is paid for by taxes

Question 21

What is the state of low-income countries health systems

Answer 21

very pluralistic, both public and private funding and providers, public insurance, majority pay out of pocket

Question 22

What is the general state of middle-income countries health care systems

Answer 22

social health insurance scheme, trying to make universal coverage a thing, lower amounts of out of pocket payments

Question 23

What or who is paying for the health services?

Answer 23

financing

Question 24

What or who is delievering health services?

Answer 24

provision

Question 25

Who provides secondary and tertiary care?

Answer 25

hospitals

Question 26

When would someone need tertiary care?

Answer 26

In an emergency situation or a person with an uncommon and complicated condition

Question 27

what did the Alma-Ata declaration do for health care?

Answer 27

1. establish human health as a right with no exceptions
2. defines the concept of primary health care

Question 28

What is the Alma-Ata model of primary care?

Answer 28

Primary care physicians are responsible for taking care of basic health needs and directing individuals to specialists.

Question 29

What are the responsibilities of the public sector in the health care system?

Answer 29

stewardship, funding, managing health functions, policy making, providing health services, managing facilities, purchasing health services

Question 30

Who is the private sector of health care?

Answer 30

shamans, healers, bonesetters, medicine men, medical practitioners, traditional medicines, for-profit companies and the private sector

Question 31

A not for-profit, voluntary citizens group that is organized by a local, national or international level to address public or human issues

Answer 31

nongovernmental organizations (NGO

Question 32

How much of the total spending in low-income countries is represented by the privet sector?

Answer 32

60 to 75 percent

Question 33

What are the three fundamental purposes of universal health care?

Answer 33

1. fairness in access to services
2. appropriate quality of sercices
3. financial arrangements for services that protect people from financial hardship

Question 34

What is the prior requirements for a health care system that wants to implement universal health coverage?

Answer 34

1. offers a basic health services package
2. is affordable
3. offers fair access to medicine and medical technologies
4. well-trained and highly motivated workforce

Question 35

Evidence for why UHC is effective

Answer 35

1. increases use of health services
2. provides financial protection

Question 36

What are problems that all health care systems struggle with?

Answer 36

1. changing epi and demographic patterns
2. governance of the health sector
3. appropriate placement and number of workers
4. quality of care
5. financing
6. access to health care