chapter 4

Question 1

people’s ability to be productive and accumulate the knowledge and skills required to be productive

Answer 1

human capital

Question 2

What are the three connections of health and education?

Answer 2

1. the education and health of parents effect their children
2. malnutrition and disease affect school performance.
3. education allows for people to better prevent and manage disease

Question 3

When a child’s mother dies due to AIDs, that child is more likely to have poor health. This is an example of what?

Answer 3

how parental health status affects their children

Question 4

how does malnutrition and disease affect school attendance.

Answer 4

a malnuritshed or sick child is less likely to attend school or concentrate while in school.

Question 5

the higher the education of a mother, the more likely her child is to be immunized. this is an example of what?

Answer 5

how a mother’s education effects a child’s health status

Question 6

Why is it important for a mother to be educated?

Answer 6

her children are more likely to live longer and attend school

Question 7

how does good health effect productivity?

Answer 7

1. increases years of working
2. healthy workers are more productive
3. people cannot go. to work when ill

Question 8

How does poverty make seeking health care more difficult?

Answer 8

1. Unable to afford to pay for the healthcare
2. Other expenses around healthcare they can’t afford
3. can lose average of 60% of annual earnings

Question 9

the achievement of having everyone capable of getting the health care that they need

Answer 9

health equity

Question 10

differences in health that are unnecessary and avoidable, but till exist

Answer 10

health inequality

Question 11

the difference in health that relates to social or economic disadvantage

Answer 11

health disparities

Question 12

factors that create health disparities

Answer 12

geographic availability, avalibiltiy, financial accessibility and acceptability

Question 13

What causes health disparities across countries and income groups?

Answer 13

1. economic development
2. lack of concern from governements for the wellbeing of their people

Question 14

which countries have the most health disparities within the country?

Answer 14

high-income countries with disadvantaged ethnic minorities like Australia, Canada or the United States

Question 15

In the United States the life expectancy for hispanic people was 82 and for black people it was 75. this is an example of what?

Answer 15

health disparities within countries

Question 16

Health disparities across urban and rural areas.

Answer 16

Rual people will generally have lower incomes, less education and less access to healthcare

Question 17

How do urban vs rural children fair?

Answer 17

in latin America and the Caribbean, children are generally experience more stunted development in rural areas then urban areas

Question 18

What has the literature highligthed as disparities in health care depending on income?

Answer 18

access, coverage, health status, financing and health benefits

Question 19

The less developed the immunization program was, the more likely for gaps in income to affect the coverage of the program. what is this an example of?

Answer 19

disparities in health relating to income

Question 20

In china, when a fetus is discovered to be a female, it is aborted. This occurs especially when the desire to have a male is more culturally important. this is an example of what?

Answer 20

sex-selevtive abortion or female infanticide

Question 21

In Panama, _____ mortality between in indigenous populations and white populations is not statistically different, unlike other countries.

Answer 21

infant

Question 22

Prison grounds have a lot of _____ diseases

Answer 22

communicable

Question 23

What is one way to make health disparities less of a burden on the general population and especially those economically disadvantaged?

Answer 23

universal health care

Question 24

Where does universal health care exist

Answer 24

higher income and upper middle income countries except the United States

Question 25

What country spends the most on health care?

Answer 25

United States

Question 26

What is the general assumption about health status and health spending

Answer 26

the more a country spends on health, the healthier the population will be

Question 27

What countries are outliers for the assumption about health and spending?

Answer 27

United States, high spending low health
Haiti, high spending low health
Thailand and Bangladesh, low spending high health

Question 28

What causes some countries to be outliers in spending vs health?

Answer 28

1. not investing enough in the social determinate of health
2. not investing in what conditions have the highest burden of disease
3. not maximizing expenditure

Question 29

The expenditure by the government on health care

Answer 29

public expenditure on health

Question 30

the expenditure of insurance companies or agencies

Answer 30

private expenditure on health

Question 31

When an individual pays for their own health care

Answer 31

out of pocket expenditures on health

Question 32

A tool for analyzing the cost of an investment with the amount of health that could be purchased.

Answer 32

cost-effectiveness analysis

Question 33

A measurement of deaths avoided, lief years saved or disability adjusted life years averted

Answer 33

the amount of health purchased

Question 34

How can the cost effectiveness analysis be used?

Answer 34

1. how to set government priorities
2. compare the costs and the gains of different health interventions

Question 35

A tool the benefit to cost ratio to help choose among possible lands to invest in.

Answer 35

cost-benefit analysis

Question 36

Why does or does not good health, promote economic development?

Answer 36

1. when a country spends a lot of money on health care they cannot spend more on other areas that need development
2. high burdens of disease slow economic growth
3. higher life expectancy is related to faster economic growth