Chapter 6

Question 1

youth seen “at risk”

Answer 1

vulnerable to negative outcomes as they make problems and are a danger to themselves

Question 2

youth seen “as a risk”

Answer 2

engage in behaviours that threaten others such as criminal activity

Question 3

youth “at risk:” Substance abuse

-smoking has transitioned from being _________
youth smoking patterns: 1970-1990 = decrease; 1991-1999 = increase; 2000+ = decrease
the primary motivation comes from _________, ______, _________
control efforts include legislation, advertising restrictions, anti-smoking campaigns, and individual efforts

Answer 3

normal to deviant; peer pressure, family income, and education

Question 4

normative for Canadian youth
-“binge drinking” is of particular concern (defined as five drinks in one sitting for males and four drinks in one sitting for females)
-higher rates are seen among “traditional” university students, members of fraternities/sororities, and university athletes
-university alcohol use has become________ (facilitated by -stringent university policies)
-university binge-drinking is not associated with later alcoholism but does have negative consequences
-became a product of the _______
-problem of the prevention paradox
-_________approaches may be the most effective in reducing harm

Answer 4

polarized; uni environment; prevention paradox

Question 5

prevention paradox

Answer 5

preventing the entire population instead of the group itself

Question 6

moral panics

Answer 6

times of heightened concern about an issue that is often connected to media coverage

Question 7

_______levels of control and supervision with ______ levels of affection = ________likely to be associated with criminal behavior in youth

Answer 7

moderate;high;least

Question 8

primary predictor of youth crime is

Answer 8

criminal behaviour among peers

Question 9

motivations for gang involvement in youth:
-to make money=
-social activity/entertainment=
-provide anonymity=
-rejection of mainstream/middle class values=
-commitment to community

Answer 9

-material incentives
-recreation
-place of refuge/camo
-physical protection
-time to resist

Question 10

racialization

Answer 10

make reference to the racial compostition of the gang but only in the case of non-white gangs

Question 11

levels of control for gangs

Answer 11

• Informal (what families do to prevent/punish crime)
  -formal (in schools, criminal justice systems)
  -Retroactive (gang involvement and gang behavior after the fact
  -Preventative (prevent youth from joining gangs in the first place)

Question 12

runaways

Answer 12

running away from home to escape from dangerous or destructive home environment

Question 13

throwaways

Answer 13

thrown out or edged out of home

Question 14

Risks of street life

Answer 14

○ Decreased rights- don’t have support or education for their basic needs
○ Victimization and exploitation
○ Health risks-Phys. and mental, sometimes use sex for income for food an drugs, higher chance of pregnancies and STIs, use and abuse of drugs
§ Mental health exasperated on the street
○ Criminal behaviour to meet their needs- utilitarian crimes

Question 15

prevention and awareness

Answer 15

supporting and reuniting families

Question 16

early intervention

Answer 16

• Young ppl can be very intrenched into the street life-making it harder to get out
  
  • Outreach efforts-actually have to go directly to those young people instead of waiting for them
  • Multi-system collaboration- govt working with the broader community such as schools and programs
  • Need access to a multitude of resources

Question 17

client centered supports

Answer 17

• When they want to get help and get in, they must be able to get in and get what they need
  Harm reduction model- zero tolerance policies are unrealistic and don’t work and set them up for people. Have to meet them where they at for accountability and compliance

Question 18

research and evaluation

Answer 18

understand that they are the most growing and underserved
-use evidence based practices based on what works

Question 19

stakeholder emgagement

Answer 19

bringing people together with community