chapter 6 Flashcards
Define HRM
Human Resource Management
List and explain the HRM processes
Human resource planning
Acquiring the project team
Developing the project team
Managing the project team
Define Motivation (2 definitions)
- is the process of arousing and sustaining goal directed behavior.
- Individual forces that account for the direction, level, and persistence of a person’s effort expended at work.
List and explain the three elements of motivation
- Direction - individual choice when presented with number if possible alternatives
- Level - the amount of work a person do in a project
- Persistence - the length of time a person stick with the project
List and explain types of motivation theories
- Content theories - focus on individual needs, physiological, psychological deficiencies
- Process theories - focus on thoughts/cognitive processes/ that take place in people’s minds.
List and explain groups of motivation theories (give an example for each)
- Internal - variable within the individual gives rise to motivation
—— Maslow’s - Process - nature of the interaction b/n the individual and the env.
——— Expectancy theory - External - focus on the env elements
——-Two-Factor theory
_________ is individual choice when presented with a number of choices?
direction
_______ is the amount of effort a person puts forth?
Level
_________ is the length of time a person sticks with a given action.
Persistence
Process theories focus on _______ or ______ ?
Thoughts or Cognitive processes
Motivation theories are largely developed from ______ ?
a North American perspective.
which Early Philosopher said “work contributes to salvation; Protestant work ethic”?
Max Weber
which Early Philosopher said “delve into the unconscious mind to better understand a person’s motives and needs”?
Sigmund Freud
which Early Philosopher said ““enlightened” self-interest; that which is in the best interest and benefit to the individual and to other people”?
Adam Smith
Fredrik Taylor emphasized corporation b/n ________ and _______ to enlarge company profits?
management and labor
what are the lower-order needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
physiological, safety, social [ love and affection ]
what are the higher-order needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
esteem [ respect, prestige ], self-actualization
What is theory Y?
Assumptions about how to manage people with high order needs
What is theory Y?
Assumptions about how to manage people with high order needs
What is theory X?
Assumptions about how to manage people with low order needs
What are McGregor’s assumptions about people based on theory X?
Lazy, self-centered, Lack ambition, dislike responsibility, and prefer to be led, Naturally resistant to change, Gullible, not bright, ready dupes (I see myself) lol
what are components of Alderferer’s theory?
growth - desire to grow
relatedness - desire for r/n ships
existence - desire for physiological and material well being
What can We Learn From the Needs Theories of Motivation?
- need for achievement - desire for excellence
- need for affiliation - desire for warm r/n ships
- need for power - desire to control and influence
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory is aka?
motivator hygiene theory
__________ Identifies two different factors as primary causes of job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction.
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
what factors prevent dissatisfaction?
Hygiene factors
what factors result in satisfaction?
motivator factors
give examples of Hygiene Factors?
salary, work env’t, r/n ship with coworkers
- if absent == extreme dissatisfaction
give examples of Motivation Factors
- promotion, recognition, responsibility, growth
what is inequity?
The situation in which a person perceives he or she is receiving less than he or she is giving, or is giving less than he or she is receiving
what are the 2 inequity theory prediction?
Negative inequity.
Positive inequity.
__________ is the Foundation of equity
social comparison.
what is Organizational justice?
How fair and equitable people view the practices of their workplace.
what are types the types of Organizational justice?
Distributive justice
Interactional justice
Procedural justice
_________ is degree to which the people affected by a decision are treated with dignity and respect.
interactional justice
________ is degree to which all people are treated the same under a policy?
distributive justice
_________ is degree to which the rules and procedures specified by policies are properly followed?
procedural justice
according to the Expectancy Theory, A person’s motivation is a multiplicative function of ______, _______ and _______ ?
M = E * I * V
expectancy - effort will lead to acceptable performance
instrumentality - performance -> reward
valance - value of reward
what are the Motivational implications of expectancy theory?
- motivation is low : when E, I and V approach 0
- motivation is high : when E, I and V are strongly positive
what are Causes of MotivationalProblems?
- Belief that effort will not result in performance
- Belief that performance will not result in rewards
- The value a person places on, or the preference a person has for, certain rewards
___________ is the measure of a person’s cognitive moral development?
moral maturity
________ is The process of developing, negotiating, and formalizing the targets that a person is responsible for accomplishing.
goal setting
What is the Goal-Setting Theory of Motivation?
- difficult goals
- specific goals
- task feedbacks
- individual’s self efficacy
- individual’s acceptance of the goal
ALL LEAD TO HIGHER PERFORMANCE
__________ is the Process of joint goal setting between a supervisor and a subordinate.
Management by Objectives
What is Ouchi’s Theory Z?
A management/leadership theory developed by William Ouchi (with some of McGregor’s X and Y theories entwined)
___________ It is concerned with the culture of the whole school and not just the leadership of the school?
ouchi’s theory Z
________ depicts a humanistic approach of employee/ employer relationships?
ouchi’s theory Z
what does Theory Z recomend?
the organization be committed to its people rather than demand commitment from its people.
