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SPM > chapter 6 > Flashcards

chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Define HRM

A

Human Resource Management

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2
Q

List and explain the HRM processes

A

Human resource planning
Acquiring the project team
Developing the project team
Managing the project team

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3
Q

Define Motivation (2 definitions)

A
  • is the process of arousing and sustaining goal directed behavior.
  • Individual forces that account for the direction, level, and persistence of a person’s effort expended at work.
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4
Q

List and explain the three elements of motivation

A
  • Direction - individual choice when presented with number if possible alternatives
  • Level - the amount of work a person do in a project
  • Persistence - the length of time a person stick with the project
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5
Q

List and explain types of motivation theories

A
  • Content theories - focus on individual needs, physiological, psychological deficiencies
  • Process theories - focus on thoughts/cognitive processes/ that take place in people’s minds.
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6
Q

List and explain groups of motivation theories (give an example for each)

A
  • Internal - variable within the individual gives rise to motivation
    —— Maslow’s
  • Process - nature of the interaction b/n the individual and the env.
    ——— Expectancy theory
  • External - focus on the env elements
    ——-Two-Factor theory
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7
Q

_________ is individual choice when presented with a number of choices?

A

direction

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8
Q

_______ is the amount of effort a person puts forth?

A

Level

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9
Q

_________ is the length of time a person sticks with a given action.

A

Persistence

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10
Q

Process theories focus on _______ or ______ ?

A

Thoughts or Cognitive processes

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11
Q

Motivation theories are largely developed from ______ ?

A

a North American perspective.

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12
Q

which Early Philosopher said “work contributes to salvation; Protestant work ethic”?

A

Max Weber

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13
Q

which Early Philosopher said “delve into the unconscious mind to better understand a person’s motives and needs”?

A

Sigmund Freud

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14
Q

which Early Philosopher said ““enlightened” self-interest; that which is in the best interest and benefit to the individual and to other people”?

A

Adam Smith

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15
Q

Fredrik Taylor emphasized corporation b/n ________ and _______ to enlarge company profits?

A

management and labor

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16
Q

what are the lower-order needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

physiological, safety, social [ love and affection ]

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17
Q

what are the higher-order needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

esteem [ respect, prestige ], self-actualization

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18
Q

What is theory Y?

A

Assumptions about how to manage people with high order needs

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19
Q

What is theory Y?

A

Assumptions about how to manage people with high order needs

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20
Q

What is theory X?

A

Assumptions about how to manage people with low order needs

21
Q

What are McGregor’s assumptions about people based on theory X?

A

Lazy, self-centered, Lack ambition, dislike responsibility, and prefer to be led, Naturally resistant to change, Gullible, not bright, ready dupes (I see myself) lol

22
Q

what are components of Alderferer’s theory?

A

growth - desire to grow
relatedness - desire for r/n ships
existence - desire for physiological and material well being

23
Q

What can We Learn From the Needs Theories of Motivation?

A
  • need for achievement - desire for excellence
  • need for affiliation - desire for warm r/n ships
  • need for power - desire to control and influence
24
Q

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory is aka?

A

motivator hygiene theory

25
Q

__________ Identifies two different factors as primary causes of job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction.

A

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

26
Q

what factors prevent dissatisfaction?

A

Hygiene factors

27
Q

what factors result in satisfaction?

A

motivator factors

28
Q

give examples of Hygiene Factors?

A

salary, work env’t, r/n ship with coworkers
- if absent == extreme dissatisfaction

29
Q

give examples of Motivation Factors

A
  • promotion, recognition, responsibility, growth
30
Q

what is inequity?

A

The situation in which a person perceives he or she is receiving less than he or she is giving, or is giving less than he or she is receiving

31
Q

what are the 2 inequity theory prediction?

A

Negative inequity.
Positive inequity.

32
Q

__________ is the Foundation of equity

A

social comparison.

33
Q

what is Organizational justice?

A

How fair and equitable people view the practices of their workplace.

34
Q

what are types the types of Organizational justice?

A

Distributive justice
Interactional justice
Procedural justice

35
Q

_________ is degree to which the people affected by a decision are treated with dignity and respect.

A

interactional justice

36
Q

________ is degree to which all people are treated the same under a policy?

A

distributive justice

37
Q

_________ is degree to which the rules and procedures specified by policies are properly followed?

A

procedural justice

38
Q

according to the Expectancy Theory, A person’s motivation is a multiplicative function of ______, _______ and _______ ?

A

M = E * I * V
expectancy - effort will lead to acceptable performance
instrumentality - performance -> reward
valance - value of reward

39
Q

what are the Motivational implications of expectancy theory?

A
  • motivation is low : when E, I and V approach 0
  • motivation is high : when E, I and V are strongly positive
40
Q

what are Causes of MotivationalProblems?

A
  • Belief that effort will not result in performance
  • Belief that performance will not result in rewards
  • The value a person places on, or the preference a person has for, certain rewards
41
Q

___________ is the measure of a person’s cognitive moral development?

A

moral maturity

42
Q

________ is The process of developing, negotiating, and formalizing the targets that a person is responsible for accomplishing.

A

goal setting

43
Q

What is the Goal-Setting Theory of Motivation?

A
  • difficult goals
  • specific goals
  • task feedbacks
  • individual’s self efficacy
  • individual’s acceptance of the goal
    ALL LEAD TO HIGHER PERFORMANCE
44
Q

__________ is the Process of joint goal setting between a supervisor and a subordinate.

A

Management by Objectives

45
Q

What is Ouchi’s Theory Z?

A

A management/leadership theory developed by William Ouchi (with some of McGregor’s X and Y theories entwined)

46
Q

___________ It is concerned with the culture of the whole school and not just the leadership of the school?

A

ouchi’s theory Z

47
Q

________ depicts a humanistic approach of employee/ employer relationships?

A

ouchi’s theory Z

48
Q

what does Theory Z recomend?

A

the organization be committed to its people rather than demand commitment from its people.

SPM (7 decks)

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