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SPM > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Mention some reasons of failure.

A
  • lack of commitment
  • lack of communication b/n user & developer
  • lack of communication = redundant work
  • lack of technical experts
  • lack of training
  • lack of quality control
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2
Q

what is a SP?

A
  • is a unique endeavor undertaken with a purpose
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3
Q

what are attributes of a SP?

A
  • has a unique purpose
  • is temporary
  • requires resources
  • has uncertainties
  • incremental development
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4
Q

what are characteristics of a SP?

A
  • non routine
  • planned
  • phases
  • large & complex
  • constraints on resources
  • specialization
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5
Q

what is SPM?

A
  • is the process of making invisible things visible.
  • like; progress, complexity and flexibility
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6
Q

What are triple constraints & how are they managed?

A
  • Scope, Time & Cost.
  • managed by making trade offs between them
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7
Q

what is a PM?

A
  • is the application of tools, techniques, knowledge & skills to meet project requirements.
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8
Q

what are the components in PM framework?

A
  • stakeholders
  • PM knowledge area
  • PM tools & techniques
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9
Q

what are the 3 parts of knowledge area?

A
  1. Core Functions
    - scope, time, cost & quality management
  2. Supporting Functions
    - Human resources, Communication, Procurement & Risk management
  3. Integration Management
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10
Q

what are the 7 processes in Integration management?

A
  1. Project charter dev’t
  2. Preliminary scope dev’t
  3. Project plan dev’t
  4. Project execution
  5. Change management
  6. Change integration
  7. Project closing
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11
Q

_____________ initiates a project?

A

project charter dev’t

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12
Q

define project portfolio.

A

is the management & organization of projects as a portfolio investments that contribute to entire enterprise success.

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13
Q

what is a program?

A

a group of related projects.

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14
Q

describe the difference between project management & portfolio management.

A
  • Project management - answers tactical goals:
    -> is project done well? - is it on time & budget
  • Portfolio management - answers strategic goals:
    -> right project? - right resources?
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15
Q

___________ ensures delivery of quality systems with in budget?

A

SPM

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16
Q

what are fundamentals of SPM?

A
  • determining size of project
  • allocating resources
  • applying resources
  • monitoring & directing resources
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17
Q

what are the phases of SPM?

A
  • initiating
    -planning
  • executing
  • controlling
    -closing
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18
Q

__________ & __________ take more resources & time than all other phases?

A

execution (1), planning

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19
Q

___________ is done throughout the project & takes less resource & time.

A

Controlling

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20
Q

__________ & ____________ take the least amount of time?

A

initiating & closing

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21
Q

what are the 4P’s / main focuses of SPM?

A
  • people, product, process, project
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22
Q

in what terms can a software product be defined?

A

context. objective, function & performance

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23
Q

___________ is a framework used by tasks to build high quality software?

A

process

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24
Q

what are 2 things that a framework includes?

A
  1. framework activities - Task sets [ tasks, milestones, work product ]
  2. umbrella activities - Software configuration management, risk management & software quality assurance
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25
Q

umbrella activities are independent from framework activities

A

True

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26
Q

Framework activities occur throughout the project.

A

False, UA

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27
Q

describe water fall model?

A
  • linear
  • phases executed sequentially with no feedback loop
  • clear reqs, clear goal
  • change intolerant, detailed planning, [ adv ] all reqs known, complete scheduling
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28
Q

describe a staged delivery waterfall model & feature driven development model.

A
  • Incremental [ analysis, design, code, test (repeat) ]
  • phases are repeated sequentially with no feedback loop
  • clear goal & solution
  • customers realize product with every increment
  • uses and/or evaluation
  • accommodates some changes
  • better uses scarce resources
  • allows some client involvement
    [ dis ] - detailed plan, defining increments may be problematic
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29
Q

describe an iterative process model.

A
  • phases are repeated in groups with no feedback loop after group completion.
  • iteration can be on req, design, implementation or others
30
Q

give examples of an iterative process model.

A
  • dynamic system development method (DSDM)
  • rational unified process (RUP)
  • evolutionary development waterfall model (EDWM)
  • SCRUM
31
Q

describe characteristics of an iterative process model.

A
  • clear goal & some clear solutions
  • learn as you do
  • solutions are released in each iteration
  • allows customer feedback on solutions
32
Q

list advantages and disadvantages of an iterative process model.

A

**advantage
- customer can review prototypes
- change accommodation between iterations
- adapt to changing business model

**disadvantage
- requires customer involvement - not easily obtained
- solutions are incomplete at the start

33
Q

describe evolutionary development waterfall model.

A
  • some solutions are known
  • meaningful customer involvement
  • final features are missing
  • partial solutions are used to find complete solution
34
Q

describe SCRUM process model.

A
  • chaotic & no project manager
  • team moves ball in ad hoc manner
  • small, independent, valuable & full tested feature delivery
  • team is self directed, client feed back, 1 month iteration, change management in each iteration
35
Q

_________________ is a chaotic process with no project manager?

A

SCRUM

36
Q

_____________ adapts well to document heavy & document light processes.

A

Rational Unified Process

37
Q

RUP relies in the library of _________, __________ & _________?

A

reusable code, design & requirement

38
Q

___________ phase of RUP handles mitigation of risk item.

A

Elaboration

39
Q

______________ phase of RUP transits the system from dev’t to production?

A

Transition

40
Q

what are the phases of RUP?

A
  • inception
  • elaboration
  • construction
  • transition
41
Q

what separates Dynamic System Dev’t model from waterfall model?

A
  • use of feedback loop
42
Q

product reqs must be communicated from ______ to _______?

A

customer to developer

43
Q

spiral model is more focused on ___________?

A

risk analysis

44
Q

what 2 things does the spiral model combine?

A
  • iterative nature from prototyping &
  • controlled & systemic nature from linear sequential
45
Q

Spiral model provides the potential for ___________ in software?

A

rapid dev’t of incremental versions

46
Q

in spiral model, during early iterations, incremental releases are _______ or _________ ?

A

paper model or prototype

47
Q

what are the 6 task sets of the spiral model?

A
  • customer communication
  • planning
  • risk assessment
  • engineering
  • construction & release
  • customer evaluation
48
Q

what are problem of the spiral model?

A
  • convincing customers that evolution is controllable
  • requires risk assessment experts
49
Q

what are the phases of prototyping model?

A
  • gather req
  • build
  • test
50
Q

what are the disadvantages of Prototyping?

A
  • quality & long term maintainability neglected
  • customer demands “few fixes”
  • developer makes implementation compromises
51
Q

RAD emphasizes __________ ?

A

incremental & extremely short dev’t cycle

52
Q

____________ is a “high speed” adaptation of linear seq model?

A

RAD

53
Q

how is high speed achieved in RAD?

A

using component based construction

54
Q

what are the states of reqs in RAD?

A
  • clear & stable
  • can be handled by separate RAD teams
55
Q

list the disadvantages of RAD

A

requires:
- modularization
- committed developers
- large number of teams
- low technical skills

56
Q

what factors raise the level of technical risks?

A
  • heavy use of new technology
  • high degree of interoperability
57
Q

component based process model designs a system using ____?

A

reusable components

58
Q

in what process model can reqs be split mapped to existing components?

A

component based

59
Q

___________ is used as a paradigm for client-server applications dev’t?

A

concurrent PM

60
Q

concurrent PM defined activities in 2D; _______ & _______?

A
  • system dimension & component dimension
61
Q

what activities address the system dimension?

A
  • design
  • assembly
  • use
62
Q

what activities address the component dimension?

A
  • design & realization
63
Q

how can we achieve concurrency?

A
  1. simultaneously using system & component activities using State Management.
  2. designing & realizing components concurrently
64
Q

process models are adapted for use by __________?

A

software project team

65
Q

what are the 10 signs a project is in jeopardy?

A
  • poor scope definition
  • poor change management
  • change in business needs
  • change in technology
  • lack of sponsorship
  • lack of skill
  • resistant users
  • user needs not understood
  • manager who doesn’t follow best practices
  • unrealistic deadline
66
Q

what are the responsibilities of clients?

A
  • giving reqs
  • clarifying reqs
  • providing test data & criteria
  • accepting deliverables
67
Q

what are the responsibilities of a PM?

A
  • initiating project
  • understanding reqs
  • scheduling, planning & estimation
  • reporting & monitoring
68
Q

List project management tasks.

A
  • initiation
  • planning
  • estimation
  • risk management
  • configuration management
  • monitoring & control
69
Q

organizing the project kickoff is an activity during _________?

A

project initiation

70
Q

finding out constraints & opportunities is an activity during _________?

A

project initiation

71
Q

planning starts during ______________?

A

project initiation stage

SPM (7 decks)

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