chapter 1 Flashcards
Mention some reasons of failure.
- lack of commitment
- lack of communication b/n user & developer
- lack of communication = redundant work
- lack of technical experts
- lack of training
- lack of quality control
what is a SP?
- is a unique endeavor undertaken with a purpose
what are attributes of a SP?
- has a unique purpose
- is temporary
- requires resources
- has uncertainties
- incremental development
what are characteristics of a SP?
- non routine
- planned
- phases
- large & complex
- constraints on resources
- specialization
what is SPM?
- is the process of making invisible things visible.
- like; progress, complexity and flexibility
What are triple constraints & how are they managed?
- Scope, Time & Cost.
- managed by making trade offs between them
what is a PM?
- is the application of tools, techniques, knowledge & skills to meet project requirements.
what are the components in PM framework?
- stakeholders
- PM knowledge area
- PM tools & techniques
what are the 3 parts of knowledge area?
- Core Functions
- scope, time, cost & quality management - Supporting Functions
- Human resources, Communication, Procurement & Risk management - Integration Management
what are the 7 processes in Integration management?
- Project charter dev’t
- Preliminary scope dev’t
- Project plan dev’t
- Project execution
- Change management
- Change integration
- Project closing
_____________ initiates a project?
project charter dev’t
define project portfolio.
is the management & organization of projects as a portfolio investments that contribute to entire enterprise success.
what is a program?
a group of related projects.
describe the difference between project management & portfolio management.
- Project management - answers tactical goals:
-> is project done well? - is it on time & budget - Portfolio management - answers strategic goals:
-> right project? - right resources?
___________ ensures delivery of quality systems with in budget?
SPM
what are fundamentals of SPM?
- determining size of project
- allocating resources
- applying resources
- monitoring & directing resources
what are the phases of SPM?
- initiating
-planning - executing
- controlling
-closing
__________ & __________ take more resources & time than all other phases?
execution (1), planning
___________ is done throughout the project & takes less resource & time.
Controlling
__________ & ____________ take the least amount of time?
initiating & closing
what are the 4P’s / main focuses of SPM?
- people, product, process, project
in what terms can a software product be defined?
context. objective, function & performance
___________ is a framework used by tasks to build high quality software?
process
what are 2 things that a framework includes?
- framework activities - Task sets [ tasks, milestones, work product ]
- umbrella activities - Software configuration management, risk management & software quality assurance
umbrella activities are independent from framework activities
True
Framework activities occur throughout the project.
False, UA
describe water fall model?
- linear
- phases executed sequentially with no feedback loop
- clear reqs, clear goal
- change intolerant, detailed planning, [ adv ] all reqs known, complete scheduling
describe a staged delivery waterfall model & feature driven development model.
- Incremental [ analysis, design, code, test (repeat) ]
- phases are repeated sequentially with no feedback loop
- clear goal & solution
- customers realize product with every increment
- uses and/or evaluation
- accommodates some changes
- better uses scarce resources
- allows some client involvement
[ dis ] - detailed plan, defining increments may be problematic
describe an iterative process model.
- phases are repeated in groups with no feedback loop after group completion.
- iteration can be on req, design, implementation or others
give examples of an iterative process model.
- dynamic system development method (DSDM)
- rational unified process (RUP)
- evolutionary development waterfall model (EDWM)
- SCRUM
describe characteristics of an iterative process model.
- clear goal & some clear solutions
- learn as you do
- solutions are released in each iteration
- allows customer feedback on solutions
list advantages and disadvantages of an iterative process model.
**advantage
- customer can review prototypes
- change accommodation between iterations
- adapt to changing business model
**disadvantage
- requires customer involvement - not easily obtained
- solutions are incomplete at the start
describe evolutionary development waterfall model.
- some solutions are known
- meaningful customer involvement
- final features are missing
- partial solutions are used to find complete solution
describe SCRUM process model.
- chaotic & no project manager
- team moves ball in ad hoc manner
- small, independent, valuable & full tested feature delivery
- team is self directed, client feed back, 1 month iteration, change management in each iteration
_________________ is a chaotic process with no project manager?
SCRUM
_____________ adapts well to document heavy & document light processes.
Rational Unified Process
RUP relies in the library of _________, __________ & _________?
reusable code, design & requirement
___________ phase of RUP handles mitigation of risk item.
Elaboration
______________ phase of RUP transits the system from dev’t to production?
Transition
what are the phases of RUP?
- inception
- elaboration
- construction
- transition
what separates Dynamic System Dev’t model from waterfall model?
- use of feedback loop
product reqs must be communicated from ______ to _______?
customer to developer
spiral model is more focused on ___________?
risk analysis
what 2 things does the spiral model combine?
- iterative nature from prototyping &
- controlled & systemic nature from linear sequential
Spiral model provides the potential for ___________ in software?
rapid dev’t of incremental versions
in spiral model, during early iterations, incremental releases are _______ or _________ ?
paper model or prototype
what are the 6 task sets of the spiral model?
- customer communication
- planning
- risk assessment
- engineering
- construction & release
- customer evaluation
what are problem of the spiral model?
- convincing customers that evolution is controllable
- requires risk assessment experts
what are the phases of prototyping model?
- gather req
- build
- test
what are the disadvantages of Prototyping?
- quality & long term maintainability neglected
- customer demands “few fixes”
- developer makes implementation compromises
RAD emphasizes __________ ?
incremental & extremely short dev’t cycle
____________ is a “high speed” adaptation of linear seq model?
RAD
how is high speed achieved in RAD?
using component based construction
what are the states of reqs in RAD?
- clear & stable
- can be handled by separate RAD teams
list the disadvantages of RAD
requires:
- modularization
- committed developers
- large number of teams
- low technical skills
what factors raise the level of technical risks?
- heavy use of new technology
- high degree of interoperability
component based process model designs a system using ____?
reusable components
in what process model can reqs be split mapped to existing components?
component based
___________ is used as a paradigm for client-server applications dev’t?
concurrent PM
concurrent PM defined activities in 2D; _______ & _______?
- system dimension & component dimension
what activities address the system dimension?
- design
- assembly
- use
what activities address the component dimension?
- design & realization
how can we achieve concurrency?
- simultaneously using system & component activities using State Management.
- designing & realizing components concurrently
process models are adapted for use by __________?
software project team
what are the 10 signs a project is in jeopardy?
- poor scope definition
- poor change management
- change in business needs
- change in technology
- lack of sponsorship
- lack of skill
- resistant users
- user needs not understood
- manager who doesn’t follow best practices
- unrealistic deadline
what are the responsibilities of clients?
- giving reqs
- clarifying reqs
- providing test data & criteria
- accepting deliverables
what are the responsibilities of a PM?
- initiating project
- understanding reqs
- scheduling, planning & estimation
- reporting & monitoring
List project management tasks.
- initiation
- planning
- estimation
- risk management
- configuration management
- monitoring & control
organizing the project kickoff is an activity during _________?
project initiation
finding out constraints & opportunities is an activity during _________?
project initiation
planning starts during ______________?
project initiation stage
