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Nutr-100 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

body composition

A

relative amounts of fat and fat free mass in the body

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2
Q

overweight

A

weight above the recommended level for health

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3
Q

obese

A

excessive amount of fat in the body, typically above 25% for men and 35% for women

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4
Q

essential fat

A

body fat that is necessary for physiological functioning. 3% in men, 12% in women

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5
Q

storage fat

A

excess fat reserves stored in the body’s adipose tissue

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6
Q

adipose tissue

A

tissue where fat is stored in the body

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7
Q

visceral fat

A

fat stored in the abdomen and around the organs

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8
Q

subcutaneous fat

A

fat stored just beneath the skin

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9
Q

android pattern

A

pattern of fat distribution caracterized by fat stored in the abdominal region: more common in men

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10
Q

gynoid pattern

A

pattern of fat distribution characterized by fat stored in the hips and thighs: more common in women

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11
Q

creeping obesity

A

slow increase in body weight and percentage of body fat over several years

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12
Q

diabetes

A

metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels

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13
Q

Body mass index (BMI)

A

ratio of body weight (kg) divided by the height squared (m2) used to determine whether a person is at a healthy body weight: BMI is related to the percentage body fat

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14
Q

skinfold test

A

field test used to estimate body composition: representative samples of subcutaneous fat are measured using calipers to estimate the overall level of body fat

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15
Q

waist to hip ratio

A

a ratio of the waist and hip circumferences used to determine the risk for disease associated with the android pattern of obesity

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16
Q

dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry (DXA)

A

technique for assessing body composition using a low radiation x-ray: it is typically used in research for clinical settings and is considered a gold standard measure

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17
Q

hydrostatic weighting

A

method of determining body composition that involves weighing an individual on land and in a tank of water

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18
Q

air displacement

A

technique used to assess body composition by estimating body volume based on air displaced when a person sits in a chamber

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19
Q

bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)

A

method of assessing body composition by running a low-level electrical current through the body

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20
Q

T/F: An overweight person can be fit

A

T

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21
Q

T/F: over half of the U.S. adult population is overweight or obese

A

T

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22
Q

T/F: BMI is the best way to estimate body composition

A

F

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23
Q

Moderate weight loss in an obese person can reduce the risk for heart disease or diabetes

A

T

24
Q

being underweight can increase the rist for certain health problems

A

T

25
Q

Two types of storage fat

A

Visceral fat, subcutaneous fat

26
Q

Healthy percentages of body fat in young men and woman(20-39)

A

men 8-19%, women (21-32%)

27
Q

Recommended percentages of body fat in young men and women (20-39)

A

men 12-15%, 21-25% women

28
Q

Athletes may have body fat percentages in these ranges

A

men 5-13%, woemn 12-22%

29
Q

T/F: Where you carry body fat matters just as much as body fat percentage

A

T

30
Q

Which fat storage area of the body leads to a greater risk of heart disease

A

waist area

31
Q

Percentages of over weight adults and children in the U.S.

A

adults 34%, children 17%

32
Q

Obesity directly contributes to this percentage of deaths in the U.S.

A

15-20%

33
Q

Percentage of health care costs associated with obesity, and dollar amount

A

10%, $147 billion dollars per year

34
Q

Percentage of Americans that are obese or overweight

A

67%

35
Q

How much weight does the average college student gain in their first year of college

A

4-15 lbs

36
Q

Obesity increases the risk of developing at least this many diseasese

A

26

37
Q

Obesity increases the risk of heart attack by this percent

A

60-80%

38
Q

Number of people effected by diabetes

A

18 million

39
Q

What percentage of people with type 2 diabetes are obese,

A

80%

40
Q

When does the ricks increase for getting type 2 diabetes

A

after age 45

41
Q

decreased insulin sensitivity

A

common with type 2 diabetes, tied to the bodies reduced ability to transport glucose from the blood to the cells

42
Q

What percentage of weight loss can reduce the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes

A

5-10%

43
Q

T/F: Tables are the best way to predict if someone is overweight

A

F

44
Q

Healthy BMI for men and women

A

< 25 kg/m^2 is healthy, > 30 kg/m^2 is unhealthy

45
Q

Is BMI the best way to predict obesity

A

No, a heavily muscled adult may have a high BMI, but actually have low body fat

46
Q

Key factory that may affect the relationship between BMI and body fat percentage

A

muscularity

47
Q

This percentage of body fat is subcutaneous

A

> 50%

48
Q

Most common method of assessing body fat in fitness centers

A

bioelectrical impedance analysis

49
Q

Advantages of bioelectrical impedance analysis

A

widely available, low cost, and limited time requirement

50
Q

disadvantages of bioelectrical impedance analysis

A

may not be accurate for your sex, age, and over all level of fatness

51
Q

Three common assesments of body compossition

A

BMI, skinfold test, waist to hip ratio

52
Q

Factors that should be used in determining the optimal healthy body weight

A

level of body fat for your age, height, and sex

53
Q

T/F: Ideal weight can be easily calculated if you know your percentage of body fat

A

T

54
Q

T/F: You shouldn’t get regular body composition assessments when trying to gain or lose weight

A

F

55
Q

T/F: Assessments should be made with the same procedure as the original assessment

A

T

Nutr-100 (11 decks)

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