Chapter 10 Flashcards
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Any disease that affects the heart or blood vessels
arteriosclerosis
a group of diseases characterized by a narrowing, or “hardening” of the arteries
atherosclerosis
a special type of arteriosclerosis that results in arterial blockage due to build up of a fatty deposit (called atherosclerotic plaque) inside the blood vessel
coronary heart disease (CHD)
also called coronary artery disease, the result of atherosclerotic plaque blocking one or more coronary arteries (the blood vessels that supply the heart)
heart attack
stoppage of blood flow to the heart resulting in the death of heart cells: also called myocardial infarction
stoke
brain damage that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is reduced for a prolonged period of time
hypertension
high blood pressure
arrhythmia
irregular heartbeat
low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
A combination of protein, fat, and cholesterol in the blood, composed of relatively large amounts of cholesterol. LDLs promote the fatty plaque accumulation in the coronary arteries that leads to heart disease: also called “bad” cholesterol
high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
a combination of protein, fat, and cholesterol in the blood, composed of relatively large amounts of protein. Protects against the fatty plaque accumulation in the coronary arteries that leads to hear disease: also called “good” cholesterol
Cardiovascular disease is most common in these types of countries
industrialized
The total estimated lost wages, medical expenses, and other related costs of CVD in the united states
444 billion in 2010
Over the next twenty years this percent of the US population with have some form of CVD, which will do this to the medical costs of managing heart disease
40%, triple it
This is the number one cause of death in the US
CVD
CVD accounts for this ratio of deaths in the US
nearly 1 in every 2
This many adults have one or more forms of CVD
83 miillion
This many people die annually from CVD
1 million
This is the leading cause of death in men between the ages of 35 and 44, and is increasing in women
CVD
What is the projected increase in health care cost of CVD in the US from 2010-30
300%
Four most common forms of CVD
arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension
T/F: Before age 50, men are more likely to die of a heart attack then woman
T
T/F: after age 65 the risk of a heart attack in woman increases
T
These materials contribute to the build up of plaque in the blood vessels
cholesterol, cellular debris, fibrin, and calcium
This disease begins in childhood, with symptoms appearing later in life
atherosclerosis
The development of this within the arteries that supply blood to the heart is the cause of almost all heart attacks
atherosclerosis
atherosclerosis is the cause of almost all of these
heart attacks
Angina pectoris is caused by this
A major coronary artery becoming more than 75% blocked
Angina pectoris means this
chest pain
Angina occurs most frequently during these events
exercise, or emotional stress
When coronary arteries become blocked this occurs
lack of oxygen due to restricted blood flow will lead to damaged muscle tissue
If a coronary artery is severely blocked this can occur
a blood clot can form around the layer of plaque, potentially causing a complete block of blood flow to the heart, resulting in a heart attack
A heart attack results in the death of heart muscle cells here
in the left ventricle
Severity of the heart attack is measured by this
how many heart muscle cells are damaged
The number of cells destroyed during a heart attack determines this
the patient’s chances of recovery
This percent of heart attack victims die within the first hour
40%
A blocked artery in the brain can result in this
a stroke
This many Americans are estimated to suffer a stroke each year
790,000
This is a common cause of stoke, but strokes can also occur this way
blockage due to atherosclerosis of arteries leading to the brain, blood vessel in the brain ruptures and disturbs normal blood flow to that region of the brain
A stroke results in this
the death of brain cells
The severity of a stroke is slight or severe depending on these factors
the location and number of brain cells damaged
Minor strokes may involve these complication
loss of memory, speech problems, disturbed vision, and mild paralysis in the extremities
severe strokes may result in these complications
major paralysis and/or death
Blood pressure is this
the force blood exerts against the artery walls