Chapter 6 Flashcards
Overview of Cell Biology
What is biology?
a science that explores living things and life processes
What are cells?
-Basic unit of all living matter
-Essential for life
-Fundamental components of structure, development, growth, and life processes in the human body
-Exist in a multitude of different forms
What are some functions of the cell?
-Conduction of nerve impulses
-Contraction of muscles
-Support various organs
-Transport body fluids such as in blood
What happens if a cell is mature?
it is highly specialized and has predetermined tasks to perform in support of the body
What can the cell do?
-Move
-Grow
-React
-Protect themselves and repair damage
-Regulate life processes
-Reproduce
What are requirements for the body?
-Provide food as a source of raw material for the release of energy
-Supply oxygen to help break down the food
-Have enough water to transport inorganic substances (calcium and sodium) into and out of the cell
What is the benefit of proper cell function?
Enables the body to maintain homeostasis or equilibrium despite any changes the body may undergo such as stress, exercise, injury, or disease
What are the effects of ionizing radiation on the cell?
Damaging the components of the cell involved in molecular synthesis beyond repair
-Cell behave abnormally
-Cells die
What is protoplasm?
a chemical building material for all living things
What does the protoplasm carry?
-Complex process of metabolism
-The reception and processing of food and oxygen
-The elimination of waste products
What does the protoplasm consist of ?
large and small molecules called macromolecules, which consist of organic compounds and inorganic materials
What are organic compunds?
contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What are inorganic materials?
do not contain carbon (water & mineral salt)
What are the four major classes of organic compounds that compose the cell?
-Proteins
-Carbohydrates
-Lipids (fat)
-Nucleic Acid
What is the basic constituent of all organic matter?
carbon
What makes life possible?
by combining hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen
What organic compound contains the most carbon?
proteins
How much of the cell is protein?
15%
What is protein essential for?
-Growth
-The construction of new body tissue
-The repair of injured or debilitated tissue
How is protein formed?
when amino acids combine into long, chainlike molecular complexes
How much of the cell is water?
80-85%
How much of the cell is carbohydrates?
1%
How much of the cell is nucleic acids?
1%
How much of the cell is lipids?
2%