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Exercise Physiology Exam 2 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that transport away from the heart

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2
Q

Arterioles

A

The smallest arteries that transport blood from larger arteries to the capillarie

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3
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A condition that involves loss of elasticity, thickening, and hardening of the arteries

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4
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) node

A

The specialized mass of conducting cells in the heart located at the atrioventricular junction

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5
Q

Baroreceptor

A

Stretch receptor located within the cardiovascular system that senses changes in blood pressure

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6
Q

Bradycardia

A

A resting heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute

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7
Q

Capillaries

A

The smallest vessels transporting blood from the heart to the tissues and the actual sites of exchange

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8
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

The period that includes all events between two consecutive heartbeats

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9
Q

Cardiac Output

A

The volume of blood pumped out by the heart per minute; Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

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10
Q

Chemoreceptor

A

A sensory organ capable or reacting to a chemical stimulus

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11
Q

Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)

A

The lowest arterial pressure, resulting from ventricular diastole (the resting phase)

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12
Q

Ejection Fraction (EF)

A

The fraction of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each contraction, determined by dividing stroke volume by end-diastolic volume and expressed as a percentage

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13
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

A recording of the heart’s electrical activity

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14
Q

Electrocardiograph

A

A machine used to obtain an electrocardiogram

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15
Q

End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)

A

The volume of blood inside the left ventricle at the end of diastole, just before contraction

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16
Q

End-Systolic Volume (ESV)

A

The volume of blood remaining in the left ventricle at the end of the systole, just after contraction

17
Q

Extrinsic Neural Control

A

Redistribution of blood at the system or body level through neural mechanisms

18
Q

Heart Murmur

A

A condition in which abnormal heart valve sounds are detected with the aid of a stethoscope

19
Q

Hematocrit

A

The percentage of cells or formed elements in the total blood volume. More than 99% of the cells or formed elements are red blood cells

20
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Increased red blood cell concentration by increased production of cells

21
Q

Hemoglobin

A

The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that binds oxygen

22
Q

Intercalated Disks

A

Specialized cell junction in the myocardium where one muscle cell connects to the next

23
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

A

The average pressure exerted by the blood as it travels through the arteries. It is estimated as: MAP = DBP + [0.333 x (SBP - DBP)]

24
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

An end organ that responds to changes in mechanical stress, such as stress, compression, or distension

25
Q

Muscle Pump

A

The rhythmic mechanical compression of the veins that occurs during skeletal muscle contraction in many types of movement and exercise - such as walking and running - and assists the return of blood to the heart

26
Q

Myocardium

A

The muscle of the heart

27
Q

Pericardium

A

A double-layered outer covering of the heart

28
Q

Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)

A

A common cardiac arrhythmia that results in the feeling of skipped or extra beats caused by impulses originating outside the SA node

29
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

The terminal branches of the AV bundle that transmit impulses through the ventricles six times faster than through the rest of the cardiac conduction system

30
Q

Sinoatrial (AV) Node

A

A group of specialized myocardial cells, located in the wall of the right atrium, that control the heart’s rate of contraction; the pacemaker of the heart

31
Q

Stroke Volume (SV)

A

The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during contraction; the difference between the end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume

32
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

A

The greatest arterial blood pressure, resulting from systole (the contracting phase of the heart)

33
Q

Tachycardia

A

A resting heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute

34
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

The constriction of narrowing of blood vessels

35
Q

Vasodilation

A

The dilation or widening of blood vessels

36
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that transport blood back to the heart

37
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation

A

A serious cardiac arrhythmia in which the contraction of the ventricular tissue is uncoordinated, affecting the heart’s ability to pump blood

38
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia

A

A serious cardiac arrhythmia consisting of three of more consecutive premature ventricular contrations

Exercise Physiology Exam 2 (5 decks)

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