Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exercise Physiology Exam 2 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Muscle Soreness

A

Soreness or pain felt during and immediately after an exercise bout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

A

The lowest rate of body metabolism that can sustain life, measured after an overnight sleep in a laboratory under optimal conditions of quiet, rest, and relaxation and after a 12 hour fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Calorie (cal)

A

A unit of measure of energy in biological systems, where 1 calorie is equal to the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1.0 g of water 1ºC, from 15 to 16ºC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Calorimeter

A

A device for measuring the heat produced by the body (or by specific chemical reactions0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Central Governor Theory

A

Theory proposing that processes occur in the brain that regulate power output by the muscles to prevent unsafe levels of exertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)

A

Muscle soreness that develops a day or two after a heavy bout of exercise and that is associated with actual injury within the muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Direct Calorimetry

A

A method that gauges the body’s rate and quantity of energy production by direct measurement of the body’s heat production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)

A

Elevated oxygen consumption above resting levels after exercise; at one time referred to as oxygen debt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps (EAMCs)

A

Painful prolonged contractions of muscles that accompany or result form muscle contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fatigue

A

General sensations of tiredness and accompanying decrements in muscular performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Haldane Transformation

A

An equation allowing one to calculate the inspired air volume from expired air volume, or expired air volume from inspired air volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Indirect Calorimetry

A

A method of estimating energy expenditure by measuring respiratory gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lactate Threshold

A

The point during exercise of increasing intensity at which blood lactate begins to accumulate above resting levels, where lactate clearance is no longer able to keep up with lactate production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2Max)

A

The maximal capacity for oxygen consumption by the body during maximal exertion. It is also known as aerobic power, maximal oxygen intake, maximal oxygen consumption, and cardiorespiratory endurance capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Oxygen Deficit

A

The difference between the oxygen required for a given exercise intensity (steady state) and the actual oxygen consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Peak Oxygen Uptake (VO2Peak)

A

The highest oxygen uptake achieved during a graded exercise test when a subject reaches volitional fatigue before a plateau occurs in the VO2 response (the criterion for a true VO2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)

A

The ratio of carbon dioxide expired to oxygen consumed at the level of the lugns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

A

The body’s metabolic rate early in the morning following an overnight fast and 8 hours of sleep. Determining RMR does not require sleeping overnight in a laboratory or clinical facility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

VO2 Drift

A

A slow increase in VO2 during prolonged submaximal exercise at a constant power output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A disadvantage of direct calorimetry is that

A

the heat generated by exercise equipment must be taken into account

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

As RER values approach 1.0

A

glucose/glycogen metabolism is maximal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

As glycogen stores run out, what substrate do muscles primarily rely on for ATP production?

A

Fat

23
Q

As submaximal exercise intensity increases, VO2

A

increases proportionally

24
Q

Carbohydrate oxidation yields ___ ATP per molecule of Oxygen consumed when compared to ATP yield per Oxygen molecule for fat

A

more

25
Q

Compared to fat molecules, glucose molecules contain _____ carbon atoms.

A

fewer

26
Q

During endurance exercise, fatigue correlates best with

A

Low glycogen stores

27
Q

During high intensity sprints, what is the most specific cellular mechanism of fatigue?

A

Pi accumulation

28
Q

EPOC serves all of the following purposes

A
  • Replenishes O2 stores in hemoglobin and myoglobin
  • Replenishes cytosolic ATP, PCr stores
  • Replenishes glycogen stores via lactate conversion
29
Q

FiO2=

A

20.93%

30
Q

Glycogen depletion from muscle fiber types occurs in which order?

A

Type I, IIa, IIx

31
Q

How does heat buildup in muscle contribute to fatigue?

A

hastens glycogen depletion

32
Q

If muscle pH falls to 6.4, what occurs in the cell that promotes fatigue?

A

glycogen breakdown stops

33
Q

Muscle glycogen metabolism is disproportionally high

A

when exercise intensity is high

34
Q

Oxygen deficit is incurred when

A

O2 demand > O2 consumption in early exercise

35
Q

Studies show that economy of effort is greatest in

A

long- and ultra-long-distance athletes

36
Q

The body utilizes ______ oxygen when metabolizing carbohydrate compared to fat

A

less

37
Q

Typical RMR values range from

A

1,200 to 1,400 kcal/day

38
Q

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon that occurs when oxygen supply does not increase as fast as oxygen need at the onset of exercise?

A

oxygen deficit

39
Q

When is RER <0.7?

A

during gluconeogenesis from amino acids and fat

40
Q

What are major causes of fatigue?

A
  • Glycogen depletion
  • Acidosis of muscle
  • Failure to stimulate muscle at the neuromuscular junction
41
Q

Which is not an important predictor of a successful endurance athlete?

A

high type II fiber percentage

42
Q

Which respiratory exchange ratios (RERs) is typical for a resting individual?

A

0.78

43
Q

Why are normalized VO2max values (i.e., ml O2 · kg-1 · min-1) greater in men than in women?

A

Men have more fat-free mass

44
Q

Why does aerobic performance continue to improve with training after VO2max has plateaued?

A

lactate threshold continues to increase

45
Q

In the events lasting longer than a few seconds, glycogen stored in the _____ is the primary energy source for ATP synthesis

A

muscle

46
Q

The rate at which your body uses energy is referred to as your _______

A

metabolic rate

47
Q

An equation allowing one to calculate the inspired air volume from expired air volume, or expired air volume from inspired air volume

A

Haldane Transformation

48
Q

A slow increase in VO2 during prolonged submaximal exercise at a constant power output

A

VO2 drift

49
Q

T/F: Height is one of the factors that affect total daily caloric expenditure

A

false

50
Q

T/F: Calcium consumption affects a person’s basal metabolic rate?

A

false

51
Q

T/F: Most researchers now prefer to use the term resting metabolic rate (RMR) instead of basal metabolic rate (BMR), because RMR is an easier measurement to take than BMR

A

true

52
Q

T/F: Direct calorimetry is widely regarded as a useful tool for exercise measurements

A

false

53
Q

The role of the CNS in most types of fatigue is to limit exercise performance ____

A

as a protective mechanism

Exercise Physiology Exam 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions