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Operations Mngt > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

____ refers to deciding on the way production of goods/services will be organized.

A

Process Selection

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2
Q

How an organization approaches process selection is determined by the organization’s ______.

A

Process Strategy

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3
Q

What are two aspects of Process Strategy?

A

Capital Intensity and Process Flexibility

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4
Q

What is Capital Intensity?

A

The mix of equipment and labor that will be used by the organization

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5
Q

What is Process Flexibility?

A

The degree to which the system can be adjusted to changes in processing requirements

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6
Q

3 Factors that change processing requirements include?

A

1) Changes in product/service design
2) Changes in volume processed
3) Changes in technology

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7
Q

Process choice is _____.

A

Demand-driven

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8
Q

What are the 2 key questions in process selection?

A

1) How much variety will the process need to be able to handle?
2) How much volume will the process need to be able to handle?

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9
Q

Usually, volume and variety are _______ related.

A

Inversely

High for one; low for the other

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10
Q

The need for flexibility of personnel and equipment is _____ related to the level of variety the process will need to handle.

A

Directly

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11
Q

Variety means either having two things:

A

1) Dedicated operations for each different product
2) If not, having to get equipment ready every time there is the need to change the product being produced

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12
Q

What are the 5 basic process types?

A

1) Job Shop
2) Batch
3) Repetitive
4) Continuous
5) Project

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13
Q

What are 4 characteristics of a Job Shop process type?

A

1) Operates on a small scale
2) Low-volume of high-variety goods/services are needed
3) Processing is intermittent
4) High flexibility using general-purpose equipment and skilled workers

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14
Q

What are 5 characteristics of a Batch Processing process type?

A

1) Moderate volume of goods/services are desired
2) Handles moderate variety of products/services
3) Processing still intermittent,
4) Equipment don’t need to be as flexible
5) Doesn’t require high skill level from employees

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15
Q

When higher volumes of more standardized goods are needed, ______ is used.

A

Repetitive Processing

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16
Q

When higher volumes of more standardized goods are needed, ______ is used.

A

Repetitive Processing

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17
Q

The standardized output means _______.

A

Only slight flexibility of equipment is needed

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18
Q

When a very high volume of non-discrete, highly standardized output is desired, a ______ is used.

A

Continuous system

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19
Q

Continuous systems have almost no variety in output, and no need for _______

A

Equipment Flexibility

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20
Q

A ____ is used for work that is non-routine, with a unique set of objectives to be accomplished in a limited time frame.

A

Project

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21
Q

______ can be used to avoid any inconsistencies by identifying key product/ service dimensions and then selecting appropriate processes

A

Product/Service Profiling

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22
Q

________ is the creation of goods/services using processes that are: nonpolluting, economically efficient, safe, etc

A

Sustainable Production

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23
Q

Successful Lean Process designs result in what?

A

1) Reduced inventory/ floor space
2) Faster response times/lead times
3) Reduced defects
4) Increased productivity

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24
Q

____ refers to the discovery and development of new or improved products, services, or production processes

A

Technological Innovation

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25
Q

High technology refers to what?

A

The most advanced and developed equipment and/or methods

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26
Q

Process technology and Information technology can have major impact on what 3 things?

A

Cost, Productivity, and Competitiveness

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27
Q

_____ includes methods, procedures, and equipment to produce goods/ provide services

A

Process Technology

28
Q

What are three kinds of automation?

A

1) Fixed
2) Programmable
3) Flexible

29
Q

____ automation is the least flexible and uses high-cost, specialized equipment for a fixed sequence of operations

A

Fixed

30
Q

____ involves the use of high-cost, general-purpose equipment controlled by a computer program that provides the sequence of operations

A

Programmable Automation

31
Q

____ evolved from Programmable Automation. But uses more customized equipment and requires significantly less changeover time

A

Flexibile Automation

32
Q

Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM) refers to _____.

A

The use of computers in process control, ranging from robots to automated quality control

33
Q

Numerically Controlled (N/C) Machines are programmed to ______.

A

Follow a set of processing instructions based on mathematical relationships that tell the machine the details of the operations performed.

34
Q

When Individual machines often have their own computer, it is referred to as _____.

A

Computerized Numerical Control (CNC)

35
Q

Direct Numerical Control (DNC) is when _____.

A

One computer control a number of Numerically Controlled (NC) machines

36
Q

N/C machines are best used in cases where ____ (3).

A

1) Parts are processed frequently and in small batches
2) Possibility of frequent design changes
3) Mistakes are costly

37
Q

Cobots are what?

A

Collaborative robots with applications that enables humans and robots to work together safely and effectively

38
Q

A Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is a ______

A

Group of machines that include supervisory computer control, automatic material handling, and automated processing equipment

39
Q

______ offer reduced labor costs and more consistent quality when compared to traditional methods

A

Flexible Manufacturing Systems

40
Q

Computer-integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is a system that ______

A

Uses an integrating computer system to link a broad range of manufacturing activities:

Purchasing, order processing, and production planning

41
Q

The overall goal of Computer-integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is to _____

A

Link various parts of an organization to achieve rapid response to customer orders, product changes, and reduce indirect labor costs

42
Q

The Internet of Things (IoT) is _____

A

The extension of internet connectivity into devices like cell phones, vehicles, audio/video devices

43
Q

3D Printing is also known as ____

A

Additive Manufacturing

44
Q

_____ is the deformation of either metal or plastic forced under pressure through a die to create a shape

A

Extrusion

45
Q

_____ is when using heat or pressure to form a solid material from powder without causing it to liquify

A

Sintering

46
Q

_____ provide a benefit of being an “eye in the sky” to obtain visual detail in places that are hazardous to humans

A

Drones

47
Q

3 Reasons why Layout decisions are important:

A

1) Require large investments
2) Involve long-term commitments
3) Significant impact on the cost/efficiency of operations

48
Q

_____ are used to achieve a smooth and rapid flow of large volumes of goods through a system

A

Product Layouts

49
Q

Product layouts achieve _____

A

A high degree of labor and equipment utilization, which tends to offset high equipment cost

50
Q

_____ are periodic inspections and replacements of worn parts or those with high failure rates

A

Preventive Maintenance

51
Q

Process Layouts are designed to ____

A

to process items that involve a variety of processing requirements – Functional layouts

52
Q

____ refers to a discontinuous work flow caused by pauses in the process; Ex: equipment adjustments

A

Intermittent Processing

53
Q

In Fixed-position layouts, _______

A

The item being worked on remains stationary as workers/ equipment are moved about as needed

54
Q

_____ is a type of layout in which workstations are grouped into cells; which are determined by the operations needed to work

A

Cellular Production

55
Q

Two techniques that facilitate effective cellular layout design

A

1) Single-minute Exchange of Die (SMED)
2) Right-sized Equipment

56
Q

____ involves identifying items with similarities in either design or manufacturing characteristics - Part families

A

Group technology

57
Q

Line balancing is the process of _____

A

assigning tasks to workstations in a way that the stations have approximately equal time requirements

58
Q

____ is the maximum time allowed at each workstation to complete its set of tasks on a unit

A

Cycle time

59
Q

The minimum cycle time is equal to _____

A

The longest task time

60
Q

The maximum cycle time is equal to

A

The sum of task times

61
Q

Precedence Diagram shows what?

A

Shows the order in which tasks to be performed

62
Q

What is the balance delay?

A

The percentage of idle time of a line

63
Q

One of the most common goals in designing process layouts are ______

A

Minimization of transportation costs or distances traveled

64
Q

____ is designed to handle more than one product on the same production line

A

Mixed Model Line

65
Q

What is Dynamic Line Balancing

A

When bottlenecks occur, workers with temporary increased idle time assist other workers who are overburdened by the bottleneck

Operations Mngt (8 decks)

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