Chapter 6 Flashcards
Kinetic Energy
Energy of movement
Potential energy
stored energy
ex: bow and arrow, chemical bonds
1st law of thermo.
energy cant be created nor destroyed
can change form
isolated system
energy will not be lost
vacuum
2nd law of thermo.
Energy made into a non usable form
(heat)
Autotrophs
make their own food (sun)
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Occurs across the mitochondrial inner membrane
Occurs during chemiosmosis
Lots of ATP
Glycolysis
breakdown of glucose into 2 three carbon molecules of pyruvate
happens outside of the mitochondria and in the cytoplasm
Citric Acid Cycle
NADH and FADH2 production (which are electron carriers)
occurs in the mitochondria matrix
cellular respiration byproducts
CO2 and water
ATP without oxygen processes
Anaerobic respiration
Fermentation
Anaerobic Respiration
Bacteria and Archaea
ETC with different e- acceptor
2 types of Fermentation
alcohol
lactic acid
Where does fermentation occur?
Cytoplasm
Alcohol Fermentation
occurs in yeast and some bacteris
pyruvate>acetaldehyde>ethanol
Autotrophs
Organisms that make its own food
Chemoautotrophs
Use inorganic compounds to extract energy (synthesize sugars)
Photoautotrophs (eukaryotes + bacteria)
Multicellular (plants + algae)
Unicellular (euglena)
Some Bactera (cyanobacteria)
Endosymbiotic Theory
The theory that mitochondria and plastids were prokaryotes a long time ago and started living in eukaryotic cells
Reasoning:
- because the mito and cholorplast are about the same size and they possess their own DNA
photon
A unit of light (electromagnetic energy) that can drive the e- to an excited state
pigments
molecules that absorb light
- example: chlorophyll = green pigment molecule
Carotenoids = red, orange and yellow pigments
Carbon Fixation with Ribulose Bisphosphate
an enzyme that takes the carbon from CO2 and puts it on the RuBP
