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Bio 2010 > Bio 2010 Chapters 1-5 (organelles) > Flashcards

Bio 2010 Chapters 1-5 (organelles) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Rough ER

A

-Protein folding lumen
-part of the endomembrane
-continuous with nuclear membrane

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2
Q

Smooth ER

A
  • Part of the endomembrane system
  • detoxification
  • continuous with the nuclear membrane
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3
Q

Nucleus

A
  • Houses DNA
  • Possesses 2 lipid bilayers
  • Part of the endomembrane system
  • Interspersed with pores
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4
Q

Nucleolus

A

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis
Contained inside the nucleus

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5
Q

Golgi Apparatus (post office)

A

Cis and Trans face
Part of the endomembrane system
Sorting, packing, modifying and transporting proteins

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6
Q

Lysosomes

A

Organelle and pathogen digestion
part of the endomembrane system
phospholipid bilayer

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7
Q

Vesicles

A

Part of the endomembrane system
Phospholipid bilayer
storage and transport in a cell

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8
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

NOT part of the endomembrane system
Composed of a variety of proteins

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9
Q

Microtubules

A

Chromosome movement during cell division
α and β tubulin
component that makes up cilia and flagella
The centrosome is composed of this
cell shape

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10
Q

Microfilaments

A

NOT part of the endomembrane system
responsible for cellular movement
composed of acitin subunits

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11
Q

Ribosomes

A

Present in all cells
NOT part of the endomembrane system
Responsible for protein synthesis

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12
Q

Endomembrane system

A

Network of membranous organelles that work to modify and transport proteins and lipids

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13
Q

Cell Wall

A

Only present in plant cells and prokaryotic cells
NOT part of the endomembrane system

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14
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Part of the endomembrane system
Present in all cells
phospholipid bilayer
composed of polymers of amino acids
is a barrier between inside and outside of cell

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15
Q

Cytoplasm

A

NOT part of the endomembrane system
Present in all cells
Aqueous fluid inside cell

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16
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell
Possesses 2 lipid bilayers
possesses its own DNA and ribosomes
NOT part of the endomembrane system
evidence it evolved from an endosymbiotic event

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17
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Possesses 2 lipid bilayers
converts light energy into ATP
Possess its own DNA and ribosomes
NOT part of the endomembrane system
evidense it evolved from an endosymbiotic event

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18
Q

Starch

A

Plant cell storage

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19
Q

hydrolysis

A

water divides a polymer into monomers by breaking covalent bonds between monomers

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20
Q

heterotroph

A

organism that can produce its own food

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21
Q

Polysaccharides (carbs/sugar)

A

Starch/cellulose: plants
glycogen/chitin: animals/fungi

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22
Q

Triglyceride

A

a lipid made of a backbone from glycerol (joins to fatty acids from dehydration process)

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23
Q

Saturated fatty acid

A

Long ass carbon chains
not good for you
example: butter

24
Q

unsaturated fatty acids

A

have at least one double bonded carbon
not a straight bond and its healthier for you
example: olive oil

25
Q

what are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids!

26
Q

what are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

A

nucleotides!

27
Q

Mitochondrion

A

ATP production in eukaryotic cells
smooth outer membrane

28
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

only present in eukaryotic cells
composed of protein fibers
helps transport other organelles and located in the cytoplasm

29
Q

hypertonic

A

more solute outside of the cell
cells shrivel

30
Q

hypotonic

A

more solute on the inside
cells POP

31
Q

factors of diffusion rate

A

mass
temp
difference in concentrations
density

32
Q

3 types of passive transport (no energy)

A

osmosis
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion

33
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

help of integral proteins (channel and carrier)

34
Q

channel proteins

A

bouncers at the club (corridor)

35
Q

carrier proteins

A

uniporter- one moleculer
symporter- two the same way
antiporter - two opposite ways

36
Q

Active transport (low to high concentration)

A

when molecules need to move against their gradient
needs ATP
Primary and secondary active transport

37
Q

independent variable

A

factors or conditions that are being manipulated/tested

38
Q

dependent variable

A

depends on OTHER measured factors
expected to change

39
Q

correct hierarchical order

A

atoms, cells, organs, communities
population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

40
Q

denaturization

A

change in protein structure

41
Q

primary structure protein

A

unique sequence of amino acids on a polypeptide

42
Q

secondary structure protein

A

hydrogen bonds on backbone

43
Q

tertiary structure protein

A

hydrogen bonds between amino acid side chains

44
Q

Fallacy

A

Illogical reasoning

45
Q

Order from atoms to organs

A

Atoms
Molecules
Organelles
Cells/tissues
Organs

46
Q

Properties of water

A

Adhesión/cohesión
Less dense when frozen
High specific heat
Universal solvent

47
Q

4 classes of bio macromolecules

A

Carbs
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids

48
Q

Lipids

A

Fat and oils
Hydrophobic
Carbon and hydrogen

49
Q

Fatty acids

A

Carbon and hydrogen
Hydrophobic

50
Q

Waxes

A

Long fatty acid chains (esterilices to long chain alcohols)

51
Q

Steroids

A

Hydrophobic

52
Q

Enzymes

A

Catalysts in biochemical reactions to speed up process

53
Q

Quaternary protein structure

A

Two or more peptides bound together
More than 1 amino acid chain

54
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

One celled
Cell wall
NO membrane bound organelles
1st organisms

55
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Multi or uni cellular
Membrane bound organelle
Either animal or plant cell

56
Q

Tonicity

A

Ability of solution to attract water in or out of cell

Bio 2010 (3 decks)

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