- Part of the endomembrane system - detoxification - continuous with the nuclear membrane

- Houses DNA - Possesses 2 lipid bilayers - Part of the endomembrane system - Interspersed with pores

Bio 2010 Chapters 1-5 (organelles) Flashcards by Isa Z

Rough ER

-Protein folding lumen
-part of the endomembrane
-continuous with nuclear membrane

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Smooth ER

Part of the endomembrane system
detoxification
continuous with the nuclear membrane

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Nucleus

Houses DNA
Possesses 2 lipid bilayers
Part of the endomembrane system
Interspersed with pores

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Nucleolus

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis
Contained inside the nucleus

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Golgi Apparatus (post office)

Cis and Trans face
Part of the endomembrane system
Sorting, packing, modifying and transporting proteins

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Lysosomes

Organelle and pathogen digestion
part of the endomembrane system
phospholipid bilayer

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Vesicles

Part of the endomembrane system
Phospholipid bilayer
storage and transport in a cell

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Intermediate filaments

NOT part of the endomembrane system
Composed of a variety of proteins

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Microtubules

Chromosome movement during cell division
α and β tubulin
component that makes up cilia and flagella
The centrosome is composed of this
cell shape

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Microfilaments

NOT part of the endomembrane system
responsible for cellular movement
composed of acitin subunits

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Ribosomes

Present in all cells
NOT part of the endomembrane system
Responsible for protein synthesis

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Endomembrane system

Network of membranous organelles that work to modify and transport proteins and lipids

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Cell Wall

Only present in plant cells and prokaryotic cells
NOT part of the endomembrane system

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Plasma Membrane

Part of the endomembrane system
Present in all cells
phospholipid bilayer
composed of polymers of amino acids
is a barrier between inside and outside of cell

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Cytoplasm

NOT part of the endomembrane system
Present in all cells
Aqueous fluid inside cell

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Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell
Possesses 2 lipid bilayers
possesses its own DNA and ribosomes
NOT part of the endomembrane system
evidence it evolved from an endosymbiotic event

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Chloroplasts

Possesses 2 lipid bilayers
converts light energy into ATP
Possess its own DNA and ribosomes
NOT part of the endomembrane system
evidense it evolved from an endosymbiotic event

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Starch

Plant cell storage

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hydrolysis

water divides a polymer into monomers by breaking covalent bonds between monomers

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heterotroph

organism that can produce its own food

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Polysaccharides (carbs/sugar)

Starch/cellulose: plants
glycogen/chitin: animals/fungi

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Triglyceride

a lipid made of a backbone from glycerol (joins to fatty acids from dehydration process)

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Saturated fatty acid

Long ass carbon chains
not good for you
example: butter

unsaturated fatty acids

have at least one double bonded carbon
not a straight bond and its healthier for you
example: olive oil

what are the building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids!

what are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

nucleotides!

Mitochondrion

ATP production in eukaryotic cells smooth outer membrane

Cytoskeleton

only present in eukaryotic cells composed of protein fibers helps transport other organelles and located in the cytoplasm

hypertonic

more solute outside of the cell cells shrivel

hypotonic

more solute on the inside cells POP

factors of diffusion rate

mass temp difference in concentrations density

3 types of passive transport (no energy)

osmosis simple diffusion facilitated diffusion

facilitated diffusion

help of integral proteins (channel and carrier)

channel proteins

bouncers at the club (corridor)

carrier proteins

uniporter- one moleculer symporter- two the same way antiporter - two opposite ways

Active transport (low to high concentration)

when molecules need to move against their gradient needs ATP Primary and secondary active transport

independent variable

factors or conditions that are being manipulated/tested

dependent variable

depends on OTHER measured factors expected to change

correct hierarchical order

atoms, cells, organs, communities population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

denaturization

change in protein structure

primary structure protein

unique sequence of amino acids on a polypeptide

secondary structure protein

hydrogen bonds on backbone

tertiary structure protein

hydrogen bonds between amino acid side chains

Fallacy

Illogical reasoning

Order from atoms to organs

Atoms Molecules Organelles Cells/tissues Organs

Properties of water

Adhesión/cohesión Less dense when frozen High specific heat Universal solvent

4 classes of bio macromolecules

Carbs Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids

Lipids

Fat and oils Hydrophobic Carbon and hydrogen

Fatty acids

Carbon and hydrogen Hydrophobic

Waxes

Long fatty acid chains (esterilices to long chain alcohols)

Steroids

Hydrophobic

Enzymes

Catalysts in biochemical reactions to speed up process

Quaternary protein structure

Two or more peptides bound together More than 1 amino acid chain

Prokaryotic cells

One celled Cell wall NO membrane bound organelles 1st organisms

Eukaryotic cells

Multi or uni cellular Membrane bound organelle Either animal or plant cell

Tonicity

Ability of solution to attract water in or out of cell