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Oral Pathology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Condon

A

3 bases in DNA that encode an amino acid

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2
Q

Chromosome

A

Structure of cells where genes are found

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3
Q

Chromatin

A

Material of chromosomes of organisms are composed (PROTEIN, DNA, RNA)

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4
Q

Chromatid

A

Two threadlike strands are where chromosome divides join together at centromere

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5
Q

Centromere

A

Microtubules of spindle attach in cell division

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6
Q

Alleles (ə-lēlz′)

A

Genes that are located at the same level or locus in
the two chromosomes of a pair and that determine the same
functions or characteristics.

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7
Q

Amino acid (ə-me′no as′id)

A

An organic compound containing an
amino group NH2; amino acids are the main component of
proteins.

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8
Q

Autosomes (aw′to-sōmz) (adjective, autosomal)

A

Nonsex

chromosomes, which are identical for men and women.

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9
Q

Barr body (bahr bod′e)

A

Condensed chromatin of the inactivated X
chromosome, which is found at the periphery of the nucleus of
cells in women.

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10
Q

Carrier (kar′e-ər)

A

In genetics, a heterozygous individual who is
clinically normal but who can transmit a recessive trait or
characteristic; also, a person who is homozygous for an
autosomal-dominant condition with low penetrance.

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11
Q

penetrance

A

the frequency with which a heritable trait is exhibited by individuals carrying the gene or genes that determine the trait

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12
Q

phenotype

A

the entire physical, biochemical, and physiologic makeup of an individual; genotype is the genetic composition and phenotype is its observable appearance

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13
Q

pseudoanodontia

A

teeth develop but do not erupt

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14
Q

recessive

A

trait or characteristic that shows clinically when a double gene dose (homozygous) exists in autosomal chromosomes or a single gene dose exists in males if the trait is X linked

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15
Q

Ribonucleic acid

A

single strands of polynucleotides found in all cells; different types of RNA have different functions in the production of proteins by the cell

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16
Q

ribosomes

A

cytoplastic organelles in which proteins are formed on the basis of the genetic code provided by RNA

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17
Q

spermatogenesis

A

process of formation of spermatozoa

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18
Q

syndrome

A

set of signs or symptoms occurring together that would describe one condition

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19
Q

taurodontism

A

genetic, heterogenous condition in which molar teeth with dominant and recessive inheritance patterns characterized by enlarged pulp chambers, apical displacement of pulpal floor and no constriction at the level of the cemento-enamel junction.

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20
Q

trisomy

A

pair of chromosomes with an identical extra chromosome

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21
Q

spermatozoon

A

haploid male gamete cell; the product of meiosis in male germ cells

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22
Q

Gene sequence

A

The sequence of nucleotides ad-
enine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) that
encodes a particular polypeptide.

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23
Q

Genetic heterogeneity

A

Having

more than one inheritance pattern.

24
Q

Genetics

A

The study of the genome, including how
genes make proteins, can change from individual to individual,
and are inherited from one person to another.

25
Q

Germ cell

A

The diploid reproductive cells that undergo

meiosis to produce haploid gametes.

26
Q

Epitaxis

A

Bleeding from the nose.

27
Q

Expressivity

A

The degree of clinical manifestation of a trait or characteristic. 

28
Q

Facies

A

The appearance of the face. 

29
Q

Gamete

A

The reproductive cells from a male (spermatozoa) or female (ovum). These cells are uniquely haploid and carry only one copy of each chromosome. (23 total)

30
Q

Gene

A

Hereditary units, transmitted from one generation to another, that are made up of a sequence of nucleotides and located on a chromosome.

31
Q

heterozygote

A

an individual with two different genes at the allele loci

32
Q

Homozygote

A

an individual with identical genes at the allele loci

33
Q

Hypertelorism

A

a condition in which there is greater than normal distance between two paired organs; ocular hypertelorism, a condition marked by a greater- than normal distance between the eyes

34
Q

Hypodontia

A

a developmental condition marked by fewer than normal teeth, also called partial anodontia

35
Q

Hypohidrosis

A

abnormally diminished secretion of sweat

36
Q

Coloboma

A

A congenital defect of the eye; notch

on the outer area of the lower lid.

37
Q

Consanguinity

A

Blood relationship; in gemetics the term is generally used to describe a mating or marriage between close relatives.

38
Q

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

A

A substance composed of a double chain of polynucleotides, with
both chains coiled around a central axis to form a double helix; it
is the basic genetic code or template for amino acid formation.

39
Q

Diploid

A

Having two sets of chromosomes; the normal constitution of somatic cells.

40
Q

Dominant

A

In genetics, a trait or characteristic

that is manifested when it is carried by only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes.

41
Q

Hypotrichosis

A

The presence of less than the normal amount of hair

42
Q

Hypoplastic

A

Underdeveloped

43
Q

Karyotype

A

A photo micro graphic representation of a persons chromosomal constiutition arranged according to the chromosome number

44
Q

Locus

A

The position occupied by a gene on a chromosome

45
Q

Mature germ cell

A

The haploid gamete

46
Q

Haploid

A

Having a single set of chromosomes; a gamete is a haploid

47
Q

Meiosis

A

Two-step cellular division of the original

germ cells, which reduces the chromosomes from 4n DNA to 1n DNA.

48
Q

Metastasis

A

Spread of a tumor to a new, distant,

previously unaffected site. Often seen in later stages and may be associated with a poor prognosis.

49
Q

Mitochondria

A

Cytoplasmic organelles that

have their own DNA in a circular chromosome.

50
Q

Mitochondrial

A

Unique DNA that is maternally inherited.

51
Q

Mitosis

A

Way in which somatic cells divide so that

the two daughter cells receive the same number of identical chromosomes.

52
Q

Multifactorial Inheritance

A

The type of hereditary pattern seen when there is more than one
genetic factor involved and, sometimes, when there are also environmental factors participating in the causation of a
condition.

53
Q

Mutation

A

A permanent change in the arrangement of genetic material.

54
Q

Nondisjunction

A

In genetics, when chromosomes that are crossing over do not separate; therefore both migrate to the same cell.

55
Q

Oogensis

A 
The process of formation of female
germ cells (ova).
56
Q

Ovum

A

The haploid female gamete cell. The

product of meiosis in female germ cells.

Oral Pathology (10 decks)

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