Chapter 6 Flashcards
deviance
behavior that strays from what is ‘normal’
characters of deviance
overt
covert
overt characteristics
actions or qualities taken as explicitly violating the cultural norm
covert characteristic
the unstated qualities that might make a group a target for sanctions
age, ethnic background, race, sexual orientation
deviance contested across culture
changes from culture to culture
changes over time
contested
deviance contested within cultures
differs within culture
social or cultural construct
can be contests
conflict deviance
is a disagreement among groups over whether or not something is deviant.
marijuana
social constructionism
proposes that certain elements of social life, such as deviance, are not natural but are created by a society or culture
essentialism
argues that this is something natural, true, universal and therefore objectively determined about these characteristics
stigma
human attribute that is seen to discredit an individuals social identity
three types of stigmas
bodily
moral
tribal
bodily stigma
physical deformities
moral stigma
blemishes of individual character
tribal stigma
transmitted through group association
the other
an image constructed by dominant culture to characterize subcultures
casted as inferior
subjected to negative sanctions
moral panic
campaign designed to arouse concern over an issue or group
moral entrepreneur
a person who tries to convince others of the need to take action around a social issue that they have defined
racializing deviance
linking particular ethnic groups-especially visible minorities- with a certain form of deviance
multiculturalism
set of policies designed to encourage respect for cultural differences
assimilation
pressure to become culturally similar to dominant culture
non-assimilating ppl viewed as deviant
racial profiling
actions undertaken supposedly for reasons of safety, security or public protection, based on stereotypes about race, colour, ethnicity, ancestry, religion, place of origin, rather than on reasonable suspicion
misogyny
hating women
being woman is seen as deviant
patriarchal construct
social conditions that favour boys/men over girls/women
male values are normalized through customs, laws and cultural production
is poverty a characteristic of deviance?
yes, and ppl in poverty’s drug used is considered more deviant than people who are rich
school-to-prison
biased application of zero-tolerance policy in schools
poor schools located in racialized neighborhoods
constant surveillance and bias in the criminal justice system can result in higher incarceration rates
crime in low-income communities
lower class is over-represented in the statistics on criminal convictions and admissions to prison
- lack of resources
- limited ability for impression management
impression management
control of personal information flow to manipulate how others see and treat you
criminology
study of patterns in criminal behaviour to learn about how crime can be predicted, prevented and sanctioned
social determinants of crime
closely related to poverty, social exclusion, wage and income, inequality, cultural and family background, level of education and other economic and social factors that may affect individuals propensity to commit crimes such as cultural characteristics, age and sex
white collar crime definition and types
a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his/her occupation
occupation
corporate
occupation crimes
benefit the individual at the expense of other individuals who work for the company
sexual assault
corporate crimes
benefit the corporation and its executives at the expense of other companies and the general public
three central theories of criminal deviance
strain theory
subculture theory
labelling theory
thomas theorem
individual interpret shared experiences differently and an individuals view of a particular situation will influence the way they react to it
