Chapter 5

Question 1

Status

Answer 1

Social position
Contributes to identity
Imposes responsibilities and expectations that defines peron’s relationship to others

Question 2

Status set

Answer 2

A collection of statuses people have over a lifetime

Question 3

Achieved status

Answer 3

Status you entered into at some stage of your life, you weren’t born into it

Question 4

Ascribed status

Answer 4

A status one is born into or enters involuntarily

Question 5

Some statuses are both ascribed and achieved true or false

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True or false

Sexual orientation is primarily an ascribed status

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Everett c Hughes

Answer 7

Concept of master status
Dominates all of an individuals statuses in most social contexts
Plays the greatest role in formation of the individuals social identity

Question 8

Status hierarchy

Answer 8

Statuses can be ranked from high to low based on prestige and power
Social categories such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, class, sexual orientation, and physical ability, one status tends to be valued over the other

Question 9

Status consistency

Answer 9

Condition a person experiences when all of their statuses fall in the same range of their social hierarchy

Question 10

Status inconsistency

Answer 10

Occurs when a person holds social statuses that are ranked differently and do not align
Result of marginalization

Question 11

Role

Answer 11

A set of behaviours and attitudes associated with a particular status
May differ across cultures
Status may be associated with more than one role

Question 12

Role set

Answer 12

Robert Merton
Refers to all the roles that are attached to a particular status
Professors play role of teacher, colleagues employees

Question 13

Role strain

Answer 13

Developers when there is a conflict between roles within the role set of a particular status
Student catching classmate cheating

Question 14

Role conflict

Answer 14

Occurs when a person is forced to reconcile incompatible expectations generated from two or more statuses they hold
Demands of being a student and a mother

Question 15

Role exit

Answer 15

Process of disengaging from a role that has been ventral to one’s identity and attempting to establish a new role
Divorce, death

Question 16

Thorleif Schjelderip-ebbe

Answer 16

introduced pecking order

Question 17

pecking order

Answer 17

hierarchy of statuses

Question 18

george simmel

Answer 18

microsociologist
symbolic interactionist
studied daily, one-on-one interactions of individuals

Question 19

charles cooley

Answer 19

identity formation through the looking-glass self

Question 20

frederic thrasher

Answer 20

studied gangs as small clusters of intense interaction separated from the larger world

Question 21

william i thomas

Answer 21

symbolic interactionist
coined definition of the situation
thomas theorem

Question 22

concept definition of the situation

Answer 22

individuals define situation based on their subjective experiences and respond accordingly
study this to understand individual action

Question 23

thomas theorem

Answer 23

interpretation and definition produce reality

situations we define as real become real in their consequences

Question 24

social organization

Answer 24

social and cultural principles around which people and things are structured, ordered and categorized

cultures, institutions or corporations are all socially organized around principles such as egalitarianism or hierarchy

Question 25

organizational structure

Answer 25

comprised of the organizing principles that are upheld by shared cultural beliefs and maintained through a network of social relations
based on understanding and knowledge of the world-shaped by cosmology

Question 26

cosmology

Answer 26

an account of the origin and ruling principles of the universe

Question 27

how did the study of organizations start

Answer 27

max webers work on bureaucracy

Question 28

organization ritual

Answer 28

form of social action where a group’s values and identity are publicly demonstrated

Question 29

three models of feminist organization

Answer 29

formal social movement org
small groups or collectives
service-provider organizations

Question 30

formal social movement organizations

Answer 30

professionalized bureaucratic inclusive with few demands made on its members
eg womans rights groups

Question 31

small groups or collectives

Answer 31

organized informally, require time, loyalty and material resources from its members
eg womens publishing houses

Question 32

service provider organizations

Answer 32

combine elements of both informal and small group organizations

eg domestic violence shelters

Question 33

bureaucracy

Answer 33

formal rationalization and its four elements

1. efficiency
2. quantification
3. predictability
4. control

Question 34

substantive rationalization

Answer 34

values and ethics

Question 35

formal rationalization

Answer 35

leads to disenchantment and alienation

Question 36

evolution of formal rationalization

Answer 36

began during the industrial revolution

scientific management

Question 37

frederick taylor

Answer 37

scientific management

Question 38

scientific management

Answer 38

time-and-motion studies to discover best way of doing any jobs
efficiency standard limit work processes to single set of repetitive actions, undermining skill development

Question 39

george ritzer

Answer 39

mcdonaldization

Question 40

mcdonaldization

Answer 40

process by which the rationalizing principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of america society as well as the rest of the world
formal rationalization applied