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bio 1010 > chapter 6 > Flashcards

chapter 6 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the cell theory?

A

all cells come from preexisting cells

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2
Q

what is Virchow’s principle

A

cells come from cells

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3
Q

what are the two kinds of reproduction?

A

asexual and sexual

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4
Q

what is asexual reproduction

A

copying the parent genes identically

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5
Q

what is sexual reproduction

A

sperm and egg

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6
Q

what is a binary fusion

A

binary fusion is splitting up the cell

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7
Q

What are the two events in the cell cycle?

A

interphase and mitotic phase

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8
Q

What is interphase and what does it consist of?

A

interphase is the duplication of cells; G1, S, G2

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9
Q

G1:
S:
G2:

A

G1: Growth (increase in the cytoplasm)
S: Duplication of chromosomes
G2: Growth (preparing for division)

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10
Q

What is the mitotic phase what does it consist of?

A

division of cells; mitosis and cytokinesis

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11
Q

Mitosis:
Cytokinesis:

A

Mitosis: Division in the nucleus
Cytokinesis: Division in the cytoplasm

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12
Q

What are eukaryotic chromosomes made of?

A

chromatin that is later compacted while preparing for divison

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13
Q

what is chromatin made of?

A

dna and protein

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14
Q

where are chromosomes duplicated?

A

s phase

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15
Q

what are karyotypes

A

the visual appearance of chromosomes

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16
Q

What does each chromosome appear as?

A

two identical sister chromatids

17
Q

Where are the sister chromatids joined?

A

the centromere

18
Q

What is mitosis and when does it take place

A

nuclear division that takes place during the duplication of chromosomes that is joined into sister chromatids. Later it is split and chromosomes are distributed into daughter cells.

19
Q

interphase

A

division of the nucleus

20
Q

prophase

A

chromosome condenses and becomes visible; nucleus disappears

21
Q

prometaphase

A

chromosomes continue to condense

22
Q

metaphase

A

meet at metaphase plate in the middle, sister chromatids attached to spindle fibers

23
Q

anaphase

A

sister chromatid (now chromosomes) breaks down and is pulled towards opposite ends

24
Q

telophase

A

chromosomes arrive at opposite ends and starts to decondenses, nuclear envelope surrounds each set of chromosome

25
Q

cytokinesis (animal cell and plant cell)

A

animal cell: cleavage furrow separates the daughter cell

plant cell: cell plate separates the daughter cells

26
Q

cells that are not preparing to divide are called…

A

G0

27
Q

What happens if G0 doesn’t go into G1

A

it remains there forever; not dead but not dividing

28
Q

G1 checkpoint-

A

allows to enter to S phase or go into G0

29
Q

G2 checkpoint-

A

proper chromosome duplication is assessed

30
Q

M checkpoint-

A

attachment of each kinetochore to a spindle fiber

bio 1010 (7 decks)

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