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medical terminology > chapter 6-10 test > Flashcards

chapter 6-10 test Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

metastasis

A

describes the process by which cancer is spread to a new site, & the term is also used to describe the tumor itself

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2
Q

metastasize

A

to spread from one place to another, as in cancer.

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3
Q

antigen

A

any substance that the body regards as being foreign.

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4
Q

antibody

A

a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen.

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5
Q

carcinoma

A

a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue.

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6
Q

sarcoma

A

“a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues, including hard and, more commonly, soft tissues.”

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7
Q

macrophage

A

a type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells; macrophages also remove dead cells and stimulate the action of other immune cells.

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8
Q

virus

A

very small infectious agents that live only by invading other cells. After invading the cell, the virus reproduces and then breaks the wall of the infected cell to release the newly formed viruses. These viruses spread to other cells and repeat the process

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9
Q

brachytherapy

A

the use of radioactive materials in contact with or implanted into the tissues to be treated (brachy- means short, and -therapy means treatment).

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10
Q

Splenorrhagia

A

a procedure that can be performed to salvage an injured spleen

hemorrhage from a ruptured spleen

splenorrhagia consists of the words spleno, referring to the organ spleen, and rrhagia which can signify bursting or discharge of fluid. In this case, splenorrhagia signifies bleeding from the ruptured spleen.

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11
Q

inguinal

A

inguinal
relating to the GROIN, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen

inguinal hernia
the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin.

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12
Q

immunoglobin

A

antibodies that bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response.

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13
Q

mucus

A

slippery secretion produced by the mucous membranes that protects and lubricates these tissues. In the nose, mucus helps moisten, warm, and filter the air as it enters

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14
Q

mucous

A

Mucous is the name of the tissue

line the nose. These specialized tissues also line the digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems as well as other parts of the respiratory system.

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15
Q

epiglottis

A

lid-like structure that closes off the entrance to the trachea (windpipe) to prevent food and liquids from moving from the pharynx during swallowing.

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16
Q

tracheostomy

A

the surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea below the vocal cords to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing.

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17
Q

tracheotomy

A

an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage.

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18
Q

maxillary

A

of or attached to jaw/jawbone

largest of the paranasal sinuses, are located in the maxillary bones under the eyes. An infection in these sinuses can cause pain in the posterior maxillary teeth.

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19
Q

manubrium

A

the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum.

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20
Q

mediastinum

A

the middle section of the chest cavity located between the lungs.

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21
Q

bradypnea

A

an abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute.

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22
Q

tachypnea

A

an abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute.

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23
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

Eupnea is the opposite of apnea.

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24
Q

dyspnea

A

shortness of breath (SOB), is difficult or labored breathing

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25
Q

hypoxia

A

the condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body tissues and organs; less severe than anoxia.

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26
Q

epistaxis

A

bleeding from the nose

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27
Q

emesis

A

vomiting

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28
Q

dental prophylaxis

A

professional examining, cleaning, and polishing of the gums and teeth to remove plaque and tartar.

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29
Q

bile

A

chol/e

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30
Q

parotid

A

salivary glands located just in front of the ears

located on the face, slightly in front of each ear. The ducts for these glands are on the inside of the cheek near the upper molars.

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31
Q

hepatitis A

A

inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection.

most common hepatitis

trasmited through poop & contaminated water

there is a vaccine

32
Q

diverticulum

A

a small pouch, or sac, found in the lining or wall of a tubular organ such as the colon

33
Q

anxiolytic

A

also known as an antianxiety drug or tranquilizer, is administered to temporarily relieve anxiety and to reduce tension

can be used as a sedative before anesthesia.

34
Q

parkinson’s

A

a chronic, degenerative central nervous system disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and a slow or shuffling gait.

35
Q

cystoplasty

A

also known as bladder augmentation or bladder reconstruction, is a surgical procedure that increases the size of the bladder to help with urinary problems:

36
Q

enteritis

A

an inflammation of the small intestine caused by ingesting substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens which causes diarrhea.

37
Q

colitis

A

Ulcerative colitis
a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation of the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation.

38
Q

cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of the gallbladder.

39
Q

cirrhosis

A

a chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring.

40
Q

cholelithiasis

A

the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts.

41
Q

gastrorrhaphy

A

a surgical procedure that involves suturing a perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer, wound, or injury. The word comes from the Greek words gastir, meaning “abdomen,” and rhaphy, meaning “suturing”

42
Q

liver

A

hepat/o
Liver disorders are a major concern because the functioning of the liver is essential to the digestive process.

43
Q

proctopexy

A

a surgical procedure that fixes the rectum to an adjacent structure, such as the sacrum, to treat rectal prolapse

44
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis, bowl of kidney

45
Q

nephrons

A

the microscopic functional units of each kidney.

46
Q

nocturia

A

frequent and excessive urination during the night.

47
Q

nephrosclerosis

A

hardening of the walls of the small arteries and arterioles (small arteries that convey blood from arteries to the even smaller capillaries) of the kidney

48
Q

nephromalacia

A

softening of the kidney

condition that can be caused by disorders that lead to high levels of calcium in the blood or urine

49
Q

ureterectasis

A

a dilation of one or both ureters

50
Q

interstitial cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder.

51
Q

cystolith

A

a stone located within the urinary bladder.

52
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis and of the kidney.

53
Q

cystopexy

A

a surgical procedure that permanently fixes the urinary bladder to the abdominal wall in a different position.

also known as vesicofixation

54
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination.

55
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain.

56
Q

efferent neurons

A

Efferent neurons (EF-er-ent) Efferent means away from

hese neurons carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord and toward the muscles and glands.

57
Q

somnambulism

A

a type of parasomnia

also known as sleepwalking, is the condition of walking or performing some other activity without awakening

58
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

damage to the brain that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks.

59
Q

acrophobia

A

an excessive fear of heights.

60
Q

paresthesia

A

a burning or prickling sensation with no apparent physical cause that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet but can also occur in other parts of the body.

61
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

a condition of abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli.

62
Q

malingering

A

characterized by the intentional creation of false or grossly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms. In contrast to a factitious disorder, this condition is motivated by incentives such as avoiding work.

63
Q

antipsychotic

A

or neuroleptic is administered to treat symptoms of severe disorders of thinking and mood that are associated with neurological and psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, mania, and delusional disorders

64
Q

alzheimer’s disease

A

a group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language.

65
Q

cerebral contusion

A

bruising of brain tissue as the result of a head injury that causes the brain to bounce against the skull.

66
Q

cerebral concussion

A

violent shaking up or jarring of the brain (concuss means shaken together, and -ion means condition or state of). A concussion may result in a temporary loss of awareness and function

67
Q

factitious disorder

A

a condition in which a person acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick.

68
Q

ischemic stroke

A

brain damage that occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked by the narrowing or blockage of an artery.

69
Q

narcolepsy

A

a sleep disorder consisting of sudden and uncontrollable brief episodes of falling asleep during the day.

70
Q

afferent neurons

A

Afferent neurons (AF-er-ent) Afferent means toward

these neurons emerge from sensory organs and the skin to carry the impulses from the sensory organs toward the brain and spinal cord.

71
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord.

also referred to as infectious meningitis, is an inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord (mening means meninges, and -itis means inflammation). This condition, which can be caused by a bacterial or viral infection elsewhere in the body, is characterized by intense headache and flu-like symptoms. Bacterial meningitis, which is less common, is sometimes fatal.

72
Q

anuria

A

the absence of urine formation by the kidneys.

73
Q

nephrolysis

A

surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions.

74
Q

enuresis

A

Enuresis (en-you-REE-sis) is the involuntary discharge of urine (en- means into, and -uresis means urination).

Nocturnal enuresis (nock-TER-nal en-you-REE-sis) is urinary incontinence during sleep. It is also known as bed-wetting. Nocturnal means pertaining to night.

75
Q

palatoplasty

A

surgical repair of a cleft palate or cleft lip.

medical terminology (5 decks)

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