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medical terminology > chapter 11-15 test > Flashcards

chapter 11-15 test Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

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2
Q

conductive

A

Otosclerosis (oh-toh-skleh-ROH-sis) is the ankylosis of the bones of the middle ear, resulting in a conductive hearing loss (ot/o means ear, and -sclerosis means abnormal hardening). Ankylosis means fused together.

something blocking the sound into ear (earwax, foreign objects…)

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3
Q

ectropion

A

the eversion of the edge of an eyelid.

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4
Q

accommodation

A

is the process whereby the eyes make adjustments for seeing objects at various distances. These adjustments include contraction (narrowing) and dilation (widening) of the pupil, movement of the eyes, and changes in the shape of the lens.

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5
Q

cataract

A

the loss of transparency of the lens of the eye that causes a progressive loss of visual clarity.

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6
Q

inner ear

A
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7
Q

presbycusis

A

a gradual sensorineural hearing loss that occurs as the body ages.

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8
Q

otorrhagia

A

is bleeding from the ear

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9
Q

anterior chamber

A

is located behind the cornea and in front of the iris

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10
Q

chalazion

A

a nodule or cyst, usually on the upper eyelid, caused by obstruction of a sebaceous gland.

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11
Q

keratin

A

unguis (UNG-gwis), which is commonly known as a fingernail or toenail, is the keratin plate that protects the dorsal surface of the last bone of each finger and toe

*is a fibrous, water-repellent protein. Soft keratin is a primary component of the epidermis. Hard keratin is found in the hair and nails.

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12
Q

cicatrix

A

a normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound.

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13
Q

heparin

A

which is released in response to an injury, is an anticoagulant.

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14
Q

abscess

A

closed pocket containing pus that is caused by a bacterial infection. An abscess can appear on the skin or within other structures of the body.

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15
Q

bruise

A

contus/o

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16
Q

laceration

A

a torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut.

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17
Q

fissure

A

a groove or crack-like sore of the skin; also normal folds in the contours of the brain.

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18
Q

onychocryptosis

A

ingrown toenail.

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19
Q

ecchymosis

A

a large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin.

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20
Q

chloasma

A

also called melasma
mask of pregnancy
a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face. This can occur during pregnancy, especially among women with dark hair and fair skin, and usually disappears after delivery.

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21
Q

anabolic

A

are man-made substances that are chemically related to male sex hormones. They are used in the treatment of hormone problems in men and to help the body replace muscle mass lost due to disease.

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22
Q

adrenal

A

adren/o
also known as suprarenals
located on top of each kidney

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23
Q

aldosterone

A

a hormone that helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance in the body
steroid made my adrenal cortex
lack of it causes addisons disease

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24
Q

progesterone

A

hormone released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary; its function is to complete the preparation of the uterus for possible pregnancy.

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25
Q

acromegaly

A

a rare hormonal disorder characterized by abnormal enlargement of the extremities (hands and feet) caused by the excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty.

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26
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

overproduction of the parathyroid hormone, causes the condition known as
hypercalcemia

can result from a disorder of the parathyroid gland or from a disorder elsewhere in the body, such as kidney failure

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27
Q

pancreas

A

pancreat/o

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28
Q

aldosteronism

A

an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by the excessive secretion of aldosterone.

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29
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

diabetes insipidus
an uncommon disorder caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone or by the inability of the kidneys to respond to this hormone.

-is an autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells.
-Insulin deficiency

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30
Q

thymectomy

A

surgical removal of the thymus gland.

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31
Q

candidiasis

A

a yeast infection.

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32
Q

perineum

A

external surface region in both males and females between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx.

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33
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

where sperm are formed

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34
Q

colostrum

A

specialized form of breast milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies that the newborn can digest; produced by the mammary glands in late pregnancy and during the first few days after giving birth.

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35
Q

colposcopy

A

direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix, vagina, and vulva.

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36
Q

placenta

A

temporary organ that forms within the uterus to allow the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between a mother and fetus without allowing maternal blood and fetal blood to mix

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37
Q

oophor/o

A

ovary

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38
Q

climacteric

A

the period of life when a woman transitions from a reproductive to a non-reproductive state

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39
Q

computed

A

“a scan that uses a thin, fanshaped x-ray beam that rotates around the patient to produce multiple cross-sectional views of the body.”

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40
Q

colp/o

A

vagina

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41
Q

circumcision

A

s the surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis

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42
Q

tomography

A

is the imaging of cross-sections of a part of the body (tom/o means to slice, and -graphy means the process of recording a picture or record).

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43
Q

horizontal

A

horizontal recumbent position, also known as the supine position, the patient is lying on the back, face up. This position is used for examination and treatment of the anterior surface of the body and for x-rays.

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44
Q

recumbent

A

describes any position in which the patient is lying down. This can be on the back, front, or side.

called decubitus

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45
Q

palliative

A

a substance that eases the pain or severity of a disease but does not cure it.

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46
Q

rhonchi

A

a coarse, rattling sound somewhat like snoring, usually caused by secretions in the bronchial airways.

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47
Q

endoscope

A

a small, flexible tube with a light and a lens on the end.

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48
Q

palpation

A

an examination technique in which the examiner’s hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts

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49
Q

allopathic medicine

A

is another term for conventional, or Western, medical practices and systems of health care.

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50
Q

glycosuria

A

the presence of glucose in the urine.

51
Q

prone

A

a position in which the patient lies face down on the abdomen.

52
Q

ophthalmoscope

A

an instrument used to examine the interior of the eye.

53
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

54
Q

canth/o

A

Angle of eyelids
corner of the eye

55
Q

sensorineural

A

also known as nerve deafness, develops when the auditory nerve or hair cells in the inner ear are damaged. This is usually due to age, noise exposure, or an acoustic neuroma. The source of this hearing loss can be located in the inner ear, in the nerve from the inner ear to the brain, or in the brain.

56
Q

entropion

A

the inversion of the edge of an eyelid.

57
Q

refraction

A

is the ability of the lens to bend light rays so they focus on the retina

58
Q

glaucoma

A

a group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure that causes damage to the optic nerve and retinal nerve fibers.

59
Q

middle ear

A

Otitis media (oh-TYE-tis MEE-dee-ah) is an inflammation of the middle ear.

tympanometry

tympanic cavity

60
Q

presbyopia

A

condition of common changes in the eyes that occur with aging.

61
Q

otopyorrhea

A

the flow of pus from the ear.

62
Q

posterior segment

A

which makes up the remaining two-thirds of the eyeball, is lined with the retina and filled with vitreous humor (VIT-ree-us). Also known as vitreous gel, this is a soft, clear, jelly-like mass that contains millions of fine fibers.

63
Q

hordeolum

A

a pus-filled lesion on the eyelid resulting from an infection in a sebaceous gland.

64
Q

melanin

A

is the pigment that determines the color of the skin, which depends upon the type and amount of this pigment that is present (Figure 12.2). Melanin also produces spots of color such as freckles and age spots, which are discussed in later sections.

65
Q

keloid

A

an abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision.

66
Q

histamine

A

which is released in response to allergens, causes the symptoms of an allergic response, including itching and increased mucus secretion.

67
Q

cellulitis

A

an acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within the connective tissues of the skin.

68
Q

ulcer

A

an open ulcerated wound that is caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin over a bony prominence.

is an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges

69
Q

lesion

A

a pathologic changeof tissues due to disease or injury.

70
Q

fistula

A

an abnormal passage, usually between two internal organs or leading from an organ to the surface of the body.

71
Q

onychomycosis

A

a fungal infection of the nail.

72
Q

verrucae

A

small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus.

73
Q

vitiligo

A

a skin condition resulting from the destruction of melanocytes due to unknown causes, resulting in irregular patches of white skin.

74
Q

corticosteroid

A

are the steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. The same term describes synthetically produced equivalents that are administered as medications.

75
Q

pituitary

A

pituitar/o

76
Q

melatonin

A

influences the sleep–wakefulness portions of the circadian cycle

77
Q

testosterone

A

steroid hormone secreted by the testicles and the adrenal cortex to stimulate the development of male secondary sex characteristics.

78
Q

gigantism

A

abnormal growth of the entire body caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty.

79
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

is caused by an insufficient or absent secretion of the parathyroid hormone (hypo- means deficient, parathyroid means parathyroid, and -ism means condition). This condition causes hypocalcemia, and in severe cases, it leads to tetany. Tetany is the condition of periodic, painful muscle spasms and tremors. Hypoparathyroidism is the opposite of hyperparathyroidism.

80
Q

thymus

A

thym/o

81
Q

hypocalcemia

A

abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood

82
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

inability to use insulin properly
is an insulin resistance disorder

83
Q

thymitis

A

inflammation of the thymus gland

84
Q

chlamydia

A

a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis.

85
Q

prepuce

A

foreskin, also known as the prepuce, is a retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers and protects the glans penis.

86
Q

vas deferens

A

also known as the ductus deferens, are the long, narrow continuations of each epididymis. These structures lead upward and eventually join the urethra

87
Q

meconium

A

is the greenish material that collects in the intestines of a fetus and forms the first feces of a newborn

88
Q

hysteroscopy

A

the direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes.

89
Q

umbilical

A

commonly known as the belly button or navel, this pit in the center of the abdominal wall marks the point where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.

90
Q

salping/o

A

commonly known as the belly button or navel, this pit in the center of the abdominal wall marks the point where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.

91
Q

vasectomy

A

the male sterilization procedure in which a small portion of the vas deferens is surgically blocked or cut

92
Q

orchid/o

A

testicles

93
Q

menarche

A

the beginning of menstruation.

94
Q

fluoroscopy

A

the visualization of body parts in motion by projecting x-ray images on a luminous fluorescent screen.

95
Q

Sims’ position

A

an examination position in which the patient is lying on the left side with the right knee and thigh drawn up with the left arm placed along the back.

96
Q

placebo

A

an inactive substance, such as a sugar pill or liquid, that is administered only for its suggestive effects.

97
Q

stridor

A

an abnormal, high-pitched, musical breathing sound caused by a blockage in the throat or larynx.

98
Q

speculum

A

an instrument used to enlarge the opening of any canal or cavity to facilitate inspection of its interior.

99
Q

percussion

A

“a diagnostic procedure designed to determine the density of a body part by the sound produced by tapping the surface with the fingers.”

100
Q

complementary

A

Complementary medicine is a general term for practices and systems of health care other than allopathic approaches used to supplement these treatments.

101
Q

medicine

A
102
Q

hematuria

A

the presence of blood in the urine.

103
Q

supine ?? same as horizontal?

A

the patient is lying on the back, face up. This position is used for examination and treatment of the anterior surface of the body and for x-rays.

104
Q

otoscope

A

an instrument used to visually examine the external ear canal and tympanic membrane.

105
Q

-ptosis

A

*drooping

of the upper eyelid that is usually due to muscle weakness or paralysis.

106
Q

blood condition

A

-emia

107
Q

acus/o

A

“hearing” or “auditory”

108
Q

numbness, stupor

A

excessive state of unreasponsiveness

109
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

110
Q

fungus

A

myc/o

111
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

112
Q

female

A

gynec/o

113
Q

-rrhaphy

A

surgical suturing

114
Q

process of recording

A

-graphy

115
Q

urinary condition

A

-uria

116
Q

ot/o

A

ear, hearing

117
Q

sleep

A

somn/o

118
Q

mening/o

A

membranes, meninges

119
Q

spinal cord

A

myel/o

120
Q

rhytid/o

A

wrinkle

121
Q

pregnant

A

-gravida

122
Q

-rrhexis

A

a breaking, bursting

123
Q

resulting record

A

-gram

medical terminology (5 decks)

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