Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

medical terminology > chapter 1-5 test > Flashcards

chapter 1-5 test Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ateriomalacia

A

the abnormal softening of the walls of an artery or arteries ( arteri/o means artery, and -malacia means abnormal softening)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ateriosclerosis

A

the abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries ( arteri/o means artery, and -sclerosis means abnormal hardening)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

-rraphy

A

surgical suturing.
means surgical suturing to close a wound and includes the use of sutures, staples, or surgical glue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

laceration

A

a torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lesion

A

a pathologic change of tissues due to disease or injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ab-

A

means away from.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ad-

A

means toward or in the direction of.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

arterionecrosis

A

is the tissue death of an artery or arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

arteriostenosis

A

is the abnormal narrowing of an artery or arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

gastralgia

A

pain in the stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach lining.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

colostomy

A

surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

colotomy

A

incision or opening of the colon.
otomy is surgical incision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

angiogram

A

the resulting film that is produced by angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

angiography

A

process of producing an x-ray, or radiographic study, of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

adenosis

A

any disease or condition of a gland. (aden- gland; osis- abnormal condition or disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

adenitis

A

is the inflammation of a gland (itis- inflammation, aden- gand)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

dorsal

A

the back of the organ or body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ventral

A

refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hyperplasia

A

an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hypoplasia

A

the underdevelopment of an organ or tissue, usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

distal

A

situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

proximal

A

situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

congenital

A

condition that exists at the time of birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

genetic

A

a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

endocrine

A

produce hormones, do not have ducts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

exocrine

A

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

inferior

A

(lower) portions (of transverse plane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

superior

A

superior (upper) (of transverse plane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

histology

A

the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues.
(hyst/o - tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

histologist

A

a non-physician specialist who studies the microscopic structure of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

endothelium

A

specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

epithelium

A

specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

down sydrome

A

also known as trisomy 21
genetic variation that is associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, developmental delays, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Huntington’s disease

A

a genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child. Each child of a parent with the gene for Huntington’s disease has a 50–50 chance of inheriting this single defective gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

ligaments

A

bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone

BONE TO BONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

tendons

A

narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone.

MUSCLE TO BONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

kyphosis

A

an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side.

42
Q

lordosis

A

an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine.

43
Q

ileum

A

is the last and longest portion of the small intestine. Memory aid: ileum is spelled with an e as in intestine.

44
Q

ilium

A

is part of the hip bone. Memory aid: ilium is spelled with an i as in hip

45
Q

arthrodesis

A

“the surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder.”

JOINING/ STIFFEN

46
Q

arthrolysis

A

a surgical procedure that loosens adhesions in a joint to restore mobility.

MAKE LOOSE

47
Q

a callus

A

a bulging deposit that forms around the area of the break in a bone; also a thickening of the skin that is caused by repeated rubbing.

48
Q

a crepitus

A

grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.

49
Q

arthritis

A

is an inflammatory condition of one or more joints

50
Q

arthrosclerosis

A

stiffness of the joints, especially in the elderly

51
Q

manubrium

A

the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum.

52
Q

xiphoid process

A

structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum

53
Q

chondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilage

54
Q

chondromalacia

A

abnormal softening of cartilage.

55
Q

cartilage

A

chondr/i, chondr/o
-smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones.
-more elastic than bone
-makes up the flexible parts of the skeleton such as the outer ear and the tip of the nose.
SHOCK ABSORBER BETWEEN BONES

56
Q

periosteum

A

tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone

COVERING OF BONE

57
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of a bone.

58
Q

osteomyelitis

A

nflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.

59
Q

abduction

A

the movement of a limb (arm or leg) away from the midline of the body.

60
Q

adduction

A

the movement of a limb (arm or leg) toward the midline of the body.

61
Q

singultus

A

myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm.

62
Q

torticollis

A

a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side.

63
Q

polymyalgia

A

an inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs

64
Q

polymyositis

A

muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body.

65
Q

atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength.

66
Q

dystonia

A

a movement disorder characterized by the involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles.

67
Q

paralysis

A

the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply.

68
Q

partial paralysis

A

(paraplegic) is the paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body. An individual affected with paraplegia is known as a paraplegic.

69
Q

myorraphy

A

surgical suturing of a muscle.

70
Q

myorrhexis

A

the rupture or tearing of a muscle

71
Q

aponeurosis

A

is a sheet-like fibrous connective tissue resembling a flattened tendon that connects muscles together or to a bone

72
Q

fascia

A

is a band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles or groups of muscles

flexible to allow muscle movements

73
Q

smooth

A

located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands
-Their function is to move and control the flow of fluids through these structures.
-no dark & light bands
-no conscious control over these

74
Q

striated

A

under a microscope, the dark and light bands in the muscle fibers create a striped appearance. Striated means striped.
-conscious control over these

75
Q

fasciotomy

A

surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure (fasci means fascia, and -otomy means a surgical incision)

-otomy- surgical incision

76
Q

fascioplasty

A

a surgical procedure that repairs or remodels fascia, or tissue, to treat a variety of conditions

plasty- surgical repair

77
Q

oblique

A

are found in the abdomen.
-external oblique and internal oblique muscles are found in the abdomen.
-The external oblique muscles flex and rotate the vertebral column.
-They also flex the torso and compress the abdomen.

78
Q

rectus

A

helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine.

79
Q

erythrocytes

A

also known as red blood cells, are mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow ( erythr/o means red, and -cytes means cells). The primary role of these cells is to transport oxygen to the tissues.

80
Q

luekocytes

A

also known as white blood cells (WBCs), are the blood cells involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances ( leuk/o means white, and -cytes means cells)

81
Q

angina pectoris

A

condition in which severe episodes of chest pain occur due to an inadequate blood flow to the myocardium.

-Stable angina occurs during exercise and resolves with rest.
-Unstable angina may occur either during exertion or rest - precursor to a myocardial infarction.

82
Q

myocardial infarction

A

commonly known as a heart attack, is the occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup.

83
Q

bundle of Hiss

A

group of fibers located within the interventricular septum. These fibers carry an electrical impulse to ensure the sequence of the heart contractions

84
Q

sinoatrial (S-A) node

A

The SA node establishes the basic rhythm and rate of the heartbeat. For this reason, it is known as the natural pacemaker of the heart.

Electrical impulses from the SA node start each wave of muscle contraction in the heart.

located in the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava

85
Q

embolus

A

a foreign object, such as a blood clot, a quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor, that is circulating in the blood ( embol means something inserted, and -us is a singular noun ending)

86
Q

thrombus

A

A/An ___ is a blood clot attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery.

87
Q

angi/o

A

means blood vessel

88
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

89
Q

defibrillation

A

emergency use of electrical shock to restore the heart’s normal rhythm. This shock is provided by a device known as a defibrillator

90
Q

fibrillation

A

describes a potentially life-threatening fast and irregular heartbeat, compared to the fast but regular rhythm of tachycardia.

91
Q

angioplasty

A

technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel (angi/o means blood vessel, and -plasty means surgical repair).

92
Q

bypass surgery

A

performed to allow the flow of blood by placing vein grafts to bypass blocked arteries.

93
Q

thallium stress test

A

nuclear imaging test performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise by injecting a small amount of thallium into the bloodstream. If it is not taken up equally by all heart muscle cells, it shows a decrease in blood flow to part of the heart.

94
Q

electrocardiogram

A

(EKG or ECG) is a record of the electrical activity of the myocardium ( electr/o means electric, cardi/o means heart, and -gram means picture or record)

95
Q

aplastic

A

a type of anemia characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements in bone marrow (A- means without, PLAST means growth, and -IC means pertaining to)

96
Q

hemolytic

A

destroying worn-out erythrocytes (red blood cells) and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse

97
Q

HDL

A

is referred to as good cholesterol because it carries unneeded cholesterol back to the liver for processing and does not contribute to plaque buildup.

good cholesterol

97
Q

LDL

A

is referred to as bad cholesterol because excess quantities of LDL contribute to plaque buildup in the arteries.

bad cholesterol

98
Q

subcostal

A

means below a rib or ribs.

99
Q

supracostal

A

means above or outside the ribs.

medical terminology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions