Chapter 58 - Use of object - oriented techniques

Question 1

What is procedural language?

Answer 1

» Uses a series of step-by-step instructions on how to solve the problem
» Breaks down into a number of smaller modules - consists of functions or procedures

Question 2

Where is the data held in procedural programming?

Answer 2

» Held in seperate primitive variables such as integer or char, or in data structures such as array, list or string

Question 3

How is everything viewed as in object-oriented programming?

Answer 3

» As a collection of objects

Question 4

What are the attributes?

Answer 4

» The features of the object
» Variables contained within and associated to an object

Question 5

What are methods?

Answer 5

» The behaviour of the object
» Actions that can be pefromed by an object

Question 6

What is the class?

Answer 6

» A blueprint or template for an object/multiple
» Defines the attributes and behaviours of objects in that class

Question 7

How are attributes declared as?

Answer 7

» Declared as private

Question 8

How are methods declared as?

Answer 8

» Public

Question 9

What is the principle of information hiding?

Answer 9

» Where a class cannot directly access the attributes of another class, when they are declared private

Question 10

What is a constructor?

Answer 10

» A special type of method to construct/build objects in a class

Question 11

What instantiation?

Answer 11

» Process of creating new instances of a class

Question 12

What are objects and instance?

Answer 12

» Synonymous

Question 13

What is a reference variable?

Answer 13

» The object, where memory locations stores the data

Question 14

What is the purpose of a variable reference diagram?

Answer 14

» Shows in graphical form the object referenced by the variables

Question 15

What is an object?

Answer 15

» An instance of a new class

Question 16

What are instances?

Answer 16

» Objects that belong to a class

Question 17

What is the principle of encapsulation?

Answer 17

» When an obejct ecapsulates both its states - the values of its instance variables
» So it doesnt affect any other objects

Question 18

How can you initialise a class and a constructor?

Answer 18

» class example1:
def__init__(,s,):
self.s = s

Question 19

How can you use a getter?

Answer 19

» def get_name():
return name

Question 20

How can you use a set name?

Answer 20

» def set_name(self):
self.name = name

Question 21

What does init stand for?

Answer 21

» Initalise

Question 22

What are getters?

Answer 22

» To make use of information - we need methods that give us access to data

Question 23

What does a get method do?

Answer 23

» Allows the attribute to be accessed/returned

Question 24

What does a set method allow?

Answer 24

» The attribute to be changed with parameters

Question 25

What is inheritance?

Answer 25

» Where a class, inherits the attributes and moethods of a ‘parent’ class, as well as having their own

Question 26

What happens when you create a subclass?

Answer 26

» You inherit all the attribute and methods of the superclass

Question 27

What are the 3 benefits of using inheritance in your program?

Answer 27

» Avoid repeating code
» Organise classes and objects into a hierarchy
» Share methods and attributes between difference classes

Question 28

What is the parent class?

Answer 28

» Also known as the Super class
» Is the class being inherited form, also called base class

Question 29

What is the child class?

Answer 29

» Is the class that inherits from another class, also called derived class