Chapter 58: Coronal Polishing Flashcards
a procedure that removes plaque and stains from the coronal surfaces of the teeth
coronal polishing
Coronal polishing is completed with the use of these dental instruments
low-speed dental handpiece with a prophy angle
a rubber cup, and a polishing material
indications for coronal polishing
- Before placement of dental sealants
- Before placement of the dental dam
- Before cementation of orthodontic bands
- Before application of acid etching solution on enamel
- Before cementation of crowns and bridges
contraindications to coronal polishing
- no stain is present
- high risk for dental caries
- Sensitive teeth
- Newly erupted teeth
term for the portion of the tooth that is visible within the oral cavity
clicnical crown
commonly known as a prophy or a cleaning, is the complete removal of calculus
oral prophylaxis
a hard-mineralized deposit that is attached to the teeth) debris, stain, and plaque from the teeth with the use of hand instruments, ultrasonic scaling, and coronal polishing
calculus
Benefits of coronal polishing
-prepares the teeth for placement of dental sealants.
• Smooth tooth surfaces are easier for the patient to keep clean.
• Formation of new deposits is slowed.
• Patients appreciate the smooth feeling and clean appearance.
• Polishing prepares the teeth for placement of orthodontic brackets and/or bands.
a procedure in which only those teeth or surfaces with stain are polished.
selective polishing
The purpose of selective polishing is to avoid unnecessary removal of even small amounts of ___________
surface enamel
when should selective polishing be considered?
when the stain is very light and is not of esthetic concern to the patient,
The basic principle of selective polishing
teeth should not be polished unless it is necessary
polishing does NOT improve the uptake of professionally applied fluoride. Therefore polishing is no longer necessary before fluoride is applied.
T or F
true
refers to polishing of the root surfaces that have been exposed during periodontal surgery.
therapeutic polishing
Polishing reduces the _____ and the bacteria on the ______ .
endotoxins
cementum
Dental stains are categorized as
endogenous or exogenous
originate within the tooth through developmental and systemic disturbances. Types of these stains include those caused by an excessive amount of fluoride during formation of the tooth.
endogenous stains
stains that originate outside the tooth and are caused by environmental agents.
exogenous stains.
stains that appear on the exterior of the tooth and can be removed. Examples include staining from food, drink, and tobacco.
extrinsic stains
is a residue from the oral epithelium on the newly erupted enamel. This residue is easily stained from food and drink and can be difficult to remove with toothbrushing.
Nasmyth’s membrane
**it can be removed by SELECTIVE polishing of those teeth.
Thin black line on the teeth near the gingival margin. More common in girls. Frequently found in clean mouths. Difficult to remove.
Black stain
A very tenacious dark brown or black stain.
Caused by the products of coal tar in tobacco and by the penetration of tobacco juices into pits and fissures, enamel, and dentin of the teeth. Use of any tobacco-containing products causes tobacco stains on the teeth and restorations.
tobacco stain
Most commonly found on the buccal surfaces of the maxillary molars and the lingual surfaces of the lower anterior incisors.
Caused by poor oral hygiene or by the use of a toothpaste with inadequate cleansing action.
brown or yellow stain
Caused by poor oral hygiene when bacteria or fungi are retained in bacterial plaque.
green stain
Reddish-brown stain appears on the interproximal and cervical areas of the teeth. Also can appear on restorations, in plaque, and on the surface of the tongue.
*Caused by using prescription mouth rinses that contain chlorhexidine. (Chlorhexidine is a disinfectant with broad antibacterial action.)
dental plaque agents
Light brownish stain.
Stain is lessened with good oral hygiene.
Caused by tea, coffee, colas, soy sauce, berries, and other foodstuffs.
food and drink
Light green or brownish stain that is removed with gentle polishing.
Caused by food stains in the residue of epithelium during tooth eruption.
nasmyths membrane
stains that are caused by an environmental source but cannot be removed because the stain has become incorporated into the structure of the tooth
intrinsic stains
examples of instrinsic stains
tobacco stains from smoking, chewing, or dipping, and stains from dental amalgam that have become incorporated into the tooth structure.
Blood and pulpal tissues break down as a result of bleeding in the pulp chamber or death of pulp tissue. Pigments from the blood and tissue penetrate the dentin and show through the enamel.
pulpless teeth
Light green to dark yellow or a gray brown. Discoloration depends on the dosage, the length of time the drug was used, and the type of this drug that is given.
Can occur in the child when the mother is given this drug during the third trimester of pregnancy, or when this agent is given in infancy or early childhood.
tetracycline antibiotics
Also referred to as mottled enamel; results from ingestion of excessive fluoride during the mineralization period of tooth development.
Varying degrees of discoloration ranging from a few white spots to extensive white areas or distinct brown stains.
dental flourosis
May result from genetic abnormality or environmental influences during development.
imperfect tooth development
Appears as a gray or black discoloration around a restoration.
Metallic ions from the amalgam penetrate the dentin and enamel.
silver amalgam
Two methods of stain removal are :
air-powder polishing and
rubber cup polishing
With any type of stain and plaque removal procedure, you must be careful to :
(1) not to remove the surface enamel of the tooth
(2) to avoid trauma to the gingiva.
contraindications to air polishing use
patients with respiratory diseases due to potental aspirations
Indications to air polishing
- Cleaning of pits and fissures before sealant placement
- Removal of temporary cement residues
- Cleaning of bands and brackets inside the mouth
- Surface cleaning
- Removal of difficult stain
Contraindications to air polishing
- Patients with restricted sodium diets
- Patients with respiratory, renal, or metabolic disease
- Children
- Areas of exposed cementum or dentin
- Prolonged polishing of root surfaces
The most common technique for removing stains and plaque and for polishing the teeth is the use of :
- abrasive polishing agent
- rubber polishing cup
- prophy angle attached to slow speed handpiece
what are polishing cups made out of
natural or synthetic rubber
used interchangeably to describe the placement of the third, or ring, finger of the hand, which holds the instrument or handpiece.
fulcrum
The recommended polishing pastes are those with ___polish and ____ ______ levels
high
low abrasion
grits of polishing agens
extra coarse, coarse, medium,
fine,
extra fine
Fairly abrasive; used for cleaning more heavily stained tooth surfaces.
silex
Used for removal of light stains on tooth enamel.
superfine silex
Mildly abrasive; used for more persistent stains, such as tobacco stains
fine pumice
Used for cleaning and polishing tooth surfaces (this material is highly effective and does not abrade tooth enamel).
Zirconium silicate
Also known as whiting; is precipitated calcium carbonate (frequently incorporated into toothpaste and polishing pastes to whiten the teeth).
chalk
Replace some of the fluoride that is lost from the surface layer during the polishing process. These pastes are not a substitute for topical application of fluoride. Use of fluoride paste is contraindicated before acid etching of the enamel when followed by bonding of sealants or other bonded materials
Fluoride prophylaxis pastes
what type of paste should be used for esthetic restorations
Low-abrasive pastes such as micron-fine sapphire or diamond paste or aluminum oxide paste
suggested when only porcelain is being polished.
sapphire or diamond polishing
Factors That Influence the Rate of Abrasion
- amount of abrasive agent used
- amount of pressure applied to polishing cup
- rotation speed of polishing cup
For access to the mandibular arch, position the patient’s head with the chin ____ . When the mouth is open, the ____ jaw is parallel to the floor
down
lower
For access to the maxillary arch, position the patient’s head with the chin ___
up
