Chapter 42 : Extrinsic stain removal Flashcards
round, flat nonabrasive particles that do not scratch surface materials.
cleaning agent
The removal of stains is for esthetic, not for therapeutic or health, reasons.
t or f
true
the study and application of the principles of friction, lubrication, and wear as they apply to polishing.
tribiology
involves the abrasive particles attached to a medium, such as a rubber cup impregnated with abrasive particles that does not require a prophylaxis polishing paste.
two body abrasive polishing
s the type most commonly used by dental hygienists, in which loose abrasive particles (the abrasive particles in prophylaxis polishing paste) move in the interface space between the surface being polished and the polishing application device
three body abrasive polishing
can be created during the use of power-driven stain removal instruments. Rotation of the rubber cup can force microorganisms into the tissues.
bacteremia
an immunocompromised patient may require __________ coverage before dental treatment.
prophylactic antibiotic
types patients at risk for bacteremia during procedures
damaged or abnormal heart valves, prosthetic valves,
and other conditions
The biologic contaminants of aerosols stay suspended for long periods and provide a means for ________ to dental personnel, as well as to other patients.
disease transmission
Use of power-driven instruments is limited when a patient is known to have a communicable disease, a serious or chronic respiratory disease, or is immunocompromised.
t or f
TRUE
Polishing with coarse abrasive prophylaxis pastes may remove a few micrometer of the outer _____ .
enamel
is Polishing demineralized white spots of enamel contraindicated or indicated ?
contraindicated
More surface enamel is lost from abrasive polishing over demineralized white spots than over intact enamel
Demineralized areas of enamel can remineralize as these areas are exposed to fluoride from:
saliva
water
dentifrices
professional fluoride applications
an example of thin enamel resulting from imperfect tooth development
amelogenesis imperfecta
are areas of thin enamel contraindicated or indicated for polishing?
contraindicated
Use of COARSE abrasives may create deep, irregular scratches in ________ materials.
coarse
restorative
It is imperative that prophylaxis polishing agents are not used on _______ materials.
restorative
The rules for the use of cleaning or polishing agents include:
- Use light pressure, slow speed of the rubber cup.
- Use a moist agent.
- Cleaning or polishing agents are never to be used as DRY powders applied directly on teeth.
Trauma to the gingival tissue can result, especially when the prophylaxis angle is operated at a ___speed with _____pressure and the rubber cup is applied for an extended period of time adjacent to gingival tissues.
high speed
heavy
In addition to the use of cleaning or polishing agents during polishing procedures, stains can also be removed during ____ and______ instrumentation.
root
debridement
Summary of CONTRAINDICATIONS for Polishing
- no visible stain
- patients with respiratory problems
- tooth sensitivity
- restorations
- Conditions That Require Postponement for Later Evaluation
Because of the extremely low level of abrasion, cleaning agents can be used on any tooth surface, _____ surface, or _____ surface without fear of creating deep scratches.
restorative
implant
these agents act by producing scratches in the surface of the tooth or restoration created by the friction between the abrasive particle and the softer tooth or restorative surface.
polishing agents
The cleaning and polishing process progresses from ____abrasion to ___ abrasion until the scratches are smaller than the wavelength of visible light, which is ___ μm.24
coarse
fine
0.05
Unless the abrasive agent has been specially formulated for esthetic restorative surfaces, the use of prophylaxis polishing pastes is __________for application to any esthetic restorative surfaces
contraindicated
the use of dry agents is contraindicated for polishing natural teeth because of the potential danger of ____ injury to the dental pulp.
thermal
When cleaning and polishing are indicated after patient evaluation, the following are observed:
Use wet agents.
Apply a rubber polishing cup, using low speed.
Use a light, intermittent touch.
is of volcanic origin and consists chiefly of complex silicates of aluminum, potassium, and sodium.
This abrasive agent is the primary ingredient in commercially prepared prophylaxis pastes. The specifications for particle size are listed in the National Formulary
pumice
Polishing agent for teeth and metallic restorations.
tin oxide
Not used directly on the enamel.
Aluminum oxide (alumina): the pure form of emery. Used for composite restorations and margins of porcelain restorations. Levigated alumina: consists of extremely fine particles of aluminum oxide, which may be used for polishing metals but are destructive to tooth surfaces.
e. emery
Iron oxide is a fine red powder sometimes impregnated on paper discs.
It is useful for polishing gold and precious metal alloys in the laboratory.
f. rouge
_% hydrogen peroxide to provide a whitening benefit.
35
The purpose of prophylaxis polishing pastes containing arginine, calcium, and bicarbonate/carbonate is to minimize ___________
dentin hypersensitivity.
The rate of abrasion, or speed with which structural material is removed from the surface being polished, is governed by ____ and _____ of the abrasive particles,
hardness
shape
__-speed handpieces are used for cleaning or polishing the teeth with a prophylaxis angle and rubber cup.
low
5000 rpm speed
this cup is used for for removal of stains from the tooth surfaces and polishing restorations.
rubber cup
this brush is used for removing stains from deep pits and fisssures and enamel surfaces away from gingival margin
brush
is used for removing stains and biofilm from proximal surfaces, embrasures, and around orthodontic bands and brackets.
rubber polishing point
USE OF THE PROPHYLAXIS ANGLE
Effects on Tissues: Clinical Considerations
- can cause discomfort to patent
- tactile sensitivity is diminished
- Trauma to the gingival tissue can result from too high a speed
- Tissue damage and the need for antibiotic premedication for risk patients
this system use air, water, and specially formulated powders to deliver a controlled spray that propels the particles to the tooth surface.
air powder polishing
was the original powder used in air-powder polishing.
sodium bicarbonate
less abrasive than traditional prophylaxis pastes, which makes the air-powder polisher ideal for stain and biofilm removal
sodium bicarbonate
are thin, flexible, and tape-shaped.
used for stain removal on proximal surfaces of anterior teeth; when other techniques are unsuccessful.
finishing strips
is a manual instrument designed especially for extrinsic stain removal or application of treatment agents such as for hypersensitive areas.
It is constructed to hold a wood point at a contra-angle. T
porte polisher
- useful for instrumentation of difficult-to-access surfaces of the teeth, especially malpositioned teeth.
- No heat generation, no noise compared with powered handpieces, and minimal production of aerosols.
- is readily portable and therefore is useful in any location, for example, for a bed bound patient.
porte polisher
two distinct types of agents used for “polishing” teeth:
- cleaning agent
- polishing agent
