Chapter 42 : Extrinsic stain removal

Question 1

round, flat nonabrasive particles that do not scratch surface materials.

Answer 1

cleaning agent

Question 2

The removal of stains is for esthetic, not for therapeutic or health, reasons.

t or f

Answer 2

true

Question 3

the study and application of the principles of friction, lubrication, and wear as they apply to polishing.

Answer 3

tribiology

Question 4

involves the abrasive particles attached to a medium, such as a rubber cup impregnated with abrasive particles that does not require a prophylaxis polishing paste.

Answer 4

two body abrasive polishing

Question 5

s the type most commonly used by dental hygienists, in which loose abrasive particles (the abrasive particles in prophylaxis polishing paste) move in the interface space between the surface being polished and the polishing application device

Answer 5

three body abrasive polishing

Question 6

can be created during the use of power-driven stain removal instruments. Rotation of the rubber cup can force microorganisms into the tissues.

Answer 6

bacteremia

Question 7

an immunocompromised patient may require __________ coverage before dental treatment.

Answer 7

prophylactic antibiotic

Question 8

types patients at risk for bacteremia during procedures

Answer 8

damaged or abnormal heart valves, prosthetic valves,

and other conditions

Question 9

The biologic contaminants of aerosols stay suspended for long periods and provide a means for ________ to dental personnel, as well as to other patients.

Answer 9

disease transmission

Question 10

Use of power-driven instruments is limited when a patient is known to have a communicable disease, a serious or chronic respiratory disease, or is immunocompromised.

t or f

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

Polishing with coarse abrasive prophylaxis pastes may remove a few micrometer of the outer _____ .

Answer 11

enamel

Question 12

is Polishing demineralized white spots of enamel contraindicated or indicated ?

Answer 12

contraindicated

More surface enamel is lost from abrasive polishing over demineralized white spots than over intact enamel

Question 13

Demineralized areas of enamel can remineralize as these areas are exposed to fluoride from:

Answer 13

saliva
water
dentifrices
professional fluoride applications

Question 14

an example of thin enamel resulting from imperfect tooth development

Answer 14

amelogenesis imperfecta

Question 15

are areas of thin enamel contraindicated or indicated for polishing?

Answer 15

contraindicated

Question 16

Use of COARSE abrasives may create deep, irregular scratches in ________ materials.

Answer 16

coarse

restorative

Question 17

It is imperative that prophylaxis polishing agents are not used on _______ materials.

Answer 17

restorative

Question 18

The rules for the use of cleaning or polishing agents include:

Answer 18

• Use light pressure, slow speed of the rubber cup.
• Use a moist agent.
• Cleaning or polishing agents are never to be used as DRY powders applied directly on teeth.

Question 19

Trauma to the gingival tissue can result, especially when the prophylaxis angle is operated at a ___speed with _____pressure and the rubber cup is applied for an extended period of time adjacent to gingival tissues.

Answer 19

high speed

heavy

Question 20

In addition to the use of cleaning or polishing agents during polishing procedures, stains can also be removed during ____ and______ instrumentation.

Answer 20

root

debridement

Question 21

Summary of CONTRAINDICATIONS for Polishing

Answer 21

• no visible stain
• patients with respiratory problems
• tooth sensitivity
• restorations
• Conditions That Require Postponement for Later Evaluation

Question 22

Because of the extremely low level of abrasion, cleaning agents can be used on any tooth surface, _____ surface, or _____ surface without fear of creating deep scratches.

Answer 22

restorative

implant

Question 23

these agents act by producing scratches in the surface of the tooth or restoration created by the friction between the abrasive particle and the softer tooth or restorative surface.

Answer 23

polishing agents

Question 24

The cleaning and polishing process progresses from ____abrasion to ___ abrasion until the scratches are smaller than the wavelength of visible light, which is ___ μm.24

Answer 24

coarse
fine

0.05

Question 25

Unless the abrasive agent has been specially formulated for esthetic restorative surfaces, the use of prophylaxis polishing pastes is __________for application to any esthetic restorative surfaces

Answer 25

contraindicated

Question 26

the use of dry agents is contraindicated for polishing natural teeth because of the potential danger of ____ injury to the dental pulp.

Answer 26

thermal

Question 27

When cleaning and polishing are indicated after patient evaluation, the following are observed:

Answer 27

Use wet agents. Apply a rubber polishing cup, using low speed. Use a light, intermittent touch.

Question 28

is of volcanic origin and consists chiefly of complex silicates of aluminum, potassium, and sodium. This abrasive agent is the primary ingredient in commercially prepared prophylaxis pastes. The specifications for particle size are listed in the National Formulary

Answer 28

pumice

Question 29

Polishing agent for teeth and metallic restorations.

Answer 29

tin oxide

Question 30

Not used directly on the enamel. ``` Aluminum oxide (alumina): the pure form of emery. Used for composite restorations and margins of porcelain restorations. Levigated alumina: consists of extremely fine particles of aluminum oxide, which may be used for polishing metals but are destructive to tooth surfaces. ```

Answer 30

e. emery

Question 31

Iron oxide is a fine red powder sometimes impregnated on paper discs. It is useful for polishing gold and precious metal alloys in the laboratory.

Answer 31

f. rouge

Question 32

_% hydrogen peroxide to provide a whitening benefit.

Answer 32

35

Question 33

The purpose of prophylaxis polishing pastes containing arginine, calcium, and bicarbonate/carbonate is to minimize ___________

Answer 33

dentin hypersensitivity.

Question 34

The rate of abrasion, or speed with which structural material is removed from the surface being polished, is governed by ____ and _____ of the abrasive particles,

Answer 34

hardness | shape

Question 35

__-speed handpieces are used for cleaning or polishing the teeth with a prophylaxis angle and rubber cup.

Answer 35

low 5000 rpm speed

Question 36

this cup is used for for removal of stains from the tooth surfaces and polishing restorations.

Answer 36

rubber cup

Question 37

this brush is used for removing stains from deep pits and fisssures and enamel surfaces away from gingival margin

Answer 37

brush

Question 38

is used for removing stains and biofilm from proximal surfaces, embrasures, and around orthodontic bands and brackets.

Answer 38

rubber polishing point

Question 39

USE OF THE PROPHYLAXIS ANGLE | Effects on Tissues: Clinical Considerations

Answer 39

- can cause discomfort to patent - tactile sensitivity is diminished - Trauma to the gingival tissue can result from too high a speed - Tissue damage and the need for antibiotic premedication for risk patients

Question 40

this system use air, water, and specially formulated powders to deliver a controlled spray that propels the particles to the tooth surface.

Answer 40

air powder polishing

Question 41

was the original powder used in air-powder polishing.

Answer 41

sodium bicarbonate

Question 42

less abrasive than traditional prophylaxis pastes, which makes the air-powder polisher ideal for stain and biofilm removal

Answer 42

sodium bicarbonate

Question 43

are thin, flexible, and tape-shaped. used for stain removal on proximal surfaces of anterior teeth; when other techniques are unsuccessful.

Answer 43

finishing strips

Question 44

is a manual instrument designed especially for extrinsic stain removal or application of treatment agents such as for hypersensitive areas. It is constructed to hold a wood point at a contra-angle. T

Answer 44

porte polisher

Question 45

- useful for instrumentation of difficult-to-access surfaces of the teeth, especially malpositioned teeth. - No heat generation, no noise compared with powered handpieces, and minimal production of aerosols. - is readily portable and therefore is useful in any location, for example, for a bed bound patient.

Answer 45

porte polisher

Question 46

two distinct types of agents used for “polishing” teeth:

Answer 46

- cleaning agent | - polishing agent