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MOD E: Preventative Dentistry > Chapter 35: Sealants > Flashcards

Chapter 35: Sealants Flashcards

1
Q

an organic polymer (resin) that flows into the pit or fissure of a posterior tooth and bonds by mechanical retention to the tooth.

A

pit and fissure sealant

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2
Q

Topically applied fluorides protect ______ tooth surfaces more than occlusal surfaces; dental sealants reduce the incidence of occlusal dental caries.

A

smooth

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3
Q

Sealant application is a part of a complete prevention program, not an ____ procedure.

A

isolated

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4
Q

by using an acid-etchant process, the enamel could be altered to increase ____

A

retention

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5
Q

Purposes of the Sealant

A
  • Provide a physical barrier to the pit or fissure.
  • Fill the pit or fissure as deep as possible
  • Provide continued protection in the depth of the micropore
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6
Q

purposes of acid etch

A
  • To produce irregularities or micropores in the enamel.

- Allow the liquid resin to penetrate into the micropores and create a BOND or MECHANICAL LOCKING

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7
Q

The clinician decides which material will be most beneficial depending on:

A
  • An assessment of patient needs.
  • Sealant placement environment.
  • Available supplies.
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8
Q

Criteria for the Ideal Sealant

A
  • prolonged bonding to the enamel.
  • biocompatible with oral tissues.
  • simple application .
  • free-flowing, low-viscosity
  • low solubility in the oral environment.
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9
Q

A majority of sealants in clinical use are made of______

A

bis-GMA

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10
Q

Classification by the Method of Polymerization:

A
  • Self-cured or autopolymerized

- Visible light-cured or photopolymerized

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11
Q

Classification by Filler Content

A
  • filled
  • unfilled
  • flouride releasing
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12
Q

purpose of filler :

A

inrease bond strength and resistance to abrasion and wear

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13
Q

-Clear, does not contain particles.
Less resistant to abrasion and wear.
-May not require occlusal adjustment after placement, so provides an advantage for school and community health programs where sealants are placed.

A

unfilled

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14
Q

type of filler:

Purpose: to enhance caries resistance.

Action: remineralization of incipient caries at the base of the pit or fissure.

A

flouride releasing

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15
Q

Classification of fillers by Color

A

clear, tinted, and opaque.

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16
Q

Individual patient benefit of sealants will depend on the following:

A
  • Health, diet, and lifestyle.
  • Age of tooth and past caries experience.
  • Tooth anatomy.
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17
Q

The following risk factors will lead to an increased risk of dental caries:

A
  • Xerostomia: from medications or other reasons.
  • orthodontic patient
  • Incipient pit and fissure caries (limited to the enamel) with NO radiographic evidence of caries on an adjacent proximal surface.
  • Low socioeconomic status.
  • Diet high in sugars.
  • Inadequate daily oral health care.
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18
Q

place sealant as soon as the tooth is ________

A

fully erupted

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19
Q

Contraindications for Sealant Placement

A
  • Radiographic evidence of adjacent proximal dental caries.
  • Pit and fissures are well coalesced and self-cleansing; low caries risk.
  • Tooth not completely erupted.
  • Primary tooth near exfoliation.
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20
Q

A pit or fissure may contain the following:

A
  • Dental biofilm, pellicle, debris.

- Rarely but possibly intact remnants of tooth development.

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21
Q

why should you clean the tooth prior to acid etching?

A

increases sealant retention

22
Q

Microscopic examination of pits and fissures after sealant application has shown the sealant material often does not penetrate to the bottom because ______ ,_____, and _________ prevent passage of the material

A

residual debris, cleaning agents, and trapped air

23
Q

The bacteria in incipient dental caries at the base of a well-sealed pit or fissure have no access to _____ required for survival.

A

nutrients

24
Q

Retention of sealant depends on maintaining a __ _____ during etching and sealant placement.

A

dry field

25
Q

application method of choice for complete isolation.

A

rubber dam

26
Q

isolation tools

A

rubber dam

cotton rolls

27
Q

Creates micropores to increase the surface area and provide retention for the sealant.
Removes contamination from the enamel surface.
Provides antibacterial action.

A

etchant

28
Q

Purpose:

  • Prepare the tooth for acid etch.
  • Eliminate moisture and contamination.
A

drying the tooth

29
Q

Etchant solution forms

A

Phosphoric acid: 15%–50%,

depends on the product and manufacturer.

30
Q

Occlusal wear: unfilled sealants wear down via ______ to the correct height; filled sealants require _______

A

normal attrition

occlusal adjustment

31
Q

Dental sealants need to be in place to prevent caries, and should be checked for the following:

A

retention

need for replacement

32
Q

Sealants are indicated for teeth with deep pits and fissures, preferably in recently _____ teeth (i.e., within previous 4 years)

A

erupted

33
Q

____ molars also may be sealed to reduce the caries rate and premature tooth loss

A

primary

34
Q

Sealants should be used as part of a preventive program that includes the use of:

A

fluorides,
dietary considerations
plaque control
regular dental examinations

35
Q

Indications for Sealant Placement

A
  • The tooth on the opposite side of the mouth has similar pits and fissures.
  • Adjacent molars have or need occlusal restorations
  • The tooth is newly erupted.
  • The tooth is fully erupted
  • No proximal decay
  • Used in conjunction with a fluoride program
36
Q

Contraindications to Sealant Placement

A
  • Lack of deep pits and fissures
  • Obvious dental decay
  • Proximal surface decay
  • Insufficiently erupted teeth
  • Primary teeth expected to be lost soon
  • Poor patient cooperation in the dental chair
37
Q

supplied as a two-part system (base and catalyst). When these pastes are mixed together, they quickly polymerize (harden).

A

self cured materials

38
Q

do not require mixing. polymerized by photo initiators in the resin that are sensitive to the visible blue light spectrum.

A

light cured sealants

39
Q

these coloured sealants are more popular because they are easier to see during application and during checks for sealant retention on subsequent office visits.

A

Tinted or opaque

40
Q

purpose of _____ material in the sealant is to make it more wear resistant.

A

filler

41
Q

filled and unfilled sealants penetrate the fissures equally well, with no difference in
microleakage

t or f

A

true

42
Q

Self-cured sealants polymerize to final set within approximately _ minutes from the start of mixing the two components

A

2

43
Q

Maxillary and mandibular _____ molars are the teeth that most frequently lose sealants, probably because they are the most difficult teeth for which to maintain isolation when a rubber dam is not used.

A

second

44
Q

What happens to the portions of the tooth that are etched and not covered with sealant material?

A

enamel begins remineralization after 24-hour exposure to calcium phosphate salts in the saliva.

45
Q

Most sealant failures will occur within the first _ to _ months,

A

3-6

46
Q

are sometimes used by the dentist before dental sealants are applied to open the fissures, to remove any slight decay, and/or to prepare the site for placement of a sealant.

A

Microabrasion (air abrasion) units

47
Q

Because etching agents contain phosphoric acid, patients and dental personnel should always wear _________ when etching agents are used.

A

protective eye wear

48
Q

the primary cause of failure of sealant retention. Inadequate etching is also a factor in loss of sealant retention.

A

Moisture contamination

49
Q

how long the sealant remains on the tooth.

A

sealant retention

50
Q

When dental sealants are properly placed, it is not uncommon for them to last from _ to _ years.

A

5-10

51
Q

Sealant material contains

___ resins. Do not use sealants on patients with known ____ allergies.

A

acrylate

MOD E: Preventative Dentistry (11 decks)

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