Chapter 55 Population Ecology

Question 1

Key Elements in the environment

Answer 1

Temperature, water, sunlight, soil

Question 2

Responses to the environment

Answer 2

Physiological (hibernation)
Morphological (rabbit ears being up or down)
Behavioral (finding shade bc it’s hot)

Question 3

Density

Answer 3

Number of species in a given area

Question 4

Population range

Answer 4

Size of area in which a species lives

Question 5

Spacing patterns

Answer 5

Random
Uniform
Clumped

Question 6

Metapopulations

Answer 6

Source-sink

Occur in multiple areas, grouping, fluncuate

Question 7

Demography

Answer 7

Study of population growth (mortality, fecundity)

Make up

Question 8

Generation time

Answer 8

How long from being born to giving birth

Generation time increase the bigger the animal

Question 9

Age structure

Answer 9

How many kids

How many reproduce

Question 10

Survivorship

Answer 10

Percent that live to a given age
When does the most death occur
Type 1: death comes later in life 
Type 2: independent
Type 3: in birth (humans)

Question 11

Age of first pregnancy

Answer 11

Average 21 years which is now 26-27

Earlier pregnancy increases population

Question 12

Total number of pregnancies

Answer 12

Semelparity: gives birth only once, then dies
Gives birth to a lot
Mayfly

Iteroparity: gives birth many times
Fewer offspring
Almost all mammals

Question 13

Biotic potential

Answer 13

Growth if there are no limits

How fast

Question 14

Carrying capacity

Answer 14

Level where something limits the population (predators, feed)

Question 15

Logistic or sigmoidal growth

Answer 15

S curve

Question 16

Exponential growth

Answer 16

J curve

Nothing limits it

Question 17

Density dependent effects

Answer 17

Farm families have more kids than city families because they have more space

Question 18

Predator-prey

Answer 18

Links and snowshoe rabbits

Prey is always a little ahead of predator population

Question 19

R vs k selection cycles

Answer 19

R- insect, early giving birth, short lives

K- mammals, gives birth later, longer lives

Question 20

Invasive species

Answer 20

Species that migrated to a place they were not originally from

Question 21

Population

Answer 21

Group of the same species

Question 22

Community

Answer 22

Group of multiple species