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College Biology > Chapter 30 & 31 > Flashcards

Chapter 30 & 31 Flashcards

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1
Q

Adaptations to land

A 
Cuticle
Stomata
Tracheids 
Leaves
Pollen
Diploid dominance
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2
Q

Cuticle

A

Reduces water loss to adapt to living on land

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3
Q

Stomata

A

Special openings for gas exchange
Controls water loss
CO2 to oxygen

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4
Q

Tracheids

A

Moves water and minerals around a plant like a vein

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5
Q

Leaves

A

Solar panels for sunlight

Surface area for photosynthesis

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6
Q

Pollen

A

Adaptation to producing on land

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7
Q

Diploid dominance

A

Most plants are diploid dominant

Allows for greater genetic variability

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8
Q

Haplodiplontic

A

Both gametophyte and sporophyte stages are multicellular

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9
Q

Earliest plant ancestors

A

Monophyletic with plants

Chlorophytes & Charophytes

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10
Q

Chlorophytes

A 
Green algae with choraphyl a and b and carotenoids
Unicellular, nonmotile (chlorella)
Unicellular, motile (chlamydomonas)
Colonial, motile (volvox)
Multicellular (ulva)
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11
Q

Charophytes

A

Freshwater algae
Divide like land plants
Sister taxon to land plants
Chara, Coleochaeta

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12
Q

Nonvascular plants

A

Doesn’t have veins

Lack xylem and phloem (spore producers)

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13
Q

Phylum: Hepaticophyta

A

Nonvascular
Liverworts
Loved or miss like gametophyte that is a prostrate (thallus)
Single celled rhizoids

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14
Q

Phylum: Anthocerotophyta

A

Nonvascular
Hornworts
Sporophyte rising up like a green stem

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15
Q

Phylum: Bryophyta

A 
Nonvascular 
Mosses
Most common nonvascular plant
Multicellular rhizoids 
Antheridia and archegonium
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16
Q

Vascular plants (Tracheophytes)

A

Have veins
Phylum: Lycophyta
Phylum: Pterophyta

17
Q

Phylum: Lycophyta

A 
vascular 
Clubmoss
Microphyllic leaves
Produces cones
Poorly rooted
Heterosporous & Homosporous
18
Q

Phylum: Pterophyta

A

Vascular
Large leaves, complex veins
Whiskferns: leaves reduced, mostly dichotomous stems
Horsetails/Scouring rushes: leaves reduced to scales, hollow stems with lots of silica
True ferns

19
Q

Spores

A

Embryo
Thin coat wall
Dormancy
Protection

20
Q

Seeds

A

Thick coat with protection & dispersal

Stored food

21
Q

Seed plants

A 
Gymnosperms: naked seeds
Phylum: cycadophyta 
Cycads poisonous, motile sperm, 206 forms
Phylum: Ginkgophyta
Maidenhair tree, motile sperm, 1
Phylum: Gnetophyta
Nonmotile sperm, 65 forms
Phylum: Coniferophyta
Pines, cedars, dominant 601 forms
22
Q

Angiosperms (Magnoliophyta=Anthophyta)

A 
Covered seeds
Has a flower
Monocot: 1 cotyledon (orchid)
Dicot: 2 cotyledon (coffee, sunflower)
Contains pollen
23
Q

Pollination

A

Transfer of pollen

24
Q

Fertilization

A

Egg and sperm fuse

25
Q

Double fertilization

A

Egg and sperm to zygote 2n

Polar nuclei and sperm to endosperm 3n

26
Q

Embryogenesis

A

Seed structure
Endosperm
Cotyledons
Embryo

College Biology (6 decks)

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