Chapter 5.3 Preventing infections

Question 1

How can the spread of diseases be prevented?

Answer 1

The spread of diseases can be prevented by simple hygiene measures, by destroying vectors, by isolation of infected individuals, and by vaccination.

Question 2

Who proved that microorganisms caused diseases?

Answer 2

Louis Pasteur showed that microorganisms caused disease. He developed vaccines against diseases such as anthrax and rabies.

Question 3

Who proved that antiseptic chemicals destroy pathogens?

Answer 3

Joseph Lister started to use antiseptic chemicals to destroy pathogens before they caused infection in operating theatres.

Question 4

Name 5 hygiene measures to prevent the spread of pathogens.

Answer 4

• Hand washing, use after using the toilet, before cooking or after contact with animals or someone.
• Using disinfectants on kitchen work surfaces, toilets etc
• Keeping raw meat away from food that is eaten uncooked to prevent the spread of pathogens.
• Coughing or sneezing into a handkerchief, tissue or your hands (and then washing your hands).
• Maintaining the hygiene of people and agricultural machinery to help prevent the spread of plant diseases.

Question 5

What happens during a vaccination?

Answer 5

During a vaccination a small amount of a weakened or dead form of a specific pathogen into the body. As a result if you come in contact with the pathogen again you will not become ill as your immune system will be prepared.