Chapter 5.3 - 'Particles Of The Standard Model'

Question 1

Define ‘Fermion’.

Answer 1

Fermions are particles with half integer spins.

Question 2

Define ‘Fundamental particle’.

Answer 2

A particle not comprised of other particles.

Question 3

State what gauge bosons are.

Answer 3

The four forces acting between particles:
Strong nuclear.
Electromagnetic.
Weak nuclear.
Gravitational.

Question 4

State the differences between Quarks and Leptons.

Answer 4

Quarks experience all the gauge bosons. Leptons do not experience the strong nuclear force.
Quarks charges are all fractions, leptons are only 0 and -1

Question 5

Quarks are made up of…

Answer 5

6 flavours.
Up (u)
Down (d)
Strange  (s)
Charmed (c)
Bottom (b)
Top (t)

Question 6

Name the antimatter for quarks.

Answer 6

Antiquarks.

Question 7

Bound quarks are referred to as.

Answer 7

Hadrons.

Question 8

State how hadrons interact.

Answer 8

By exchanging gluons. These mediate the strong nuclear force.
Hadrons with an electromagnetic charge interact by exchanging photons.

Question 9

State the two groups hadrons are divided into.

Answer 9

Mesons and baryons.

Question 10

State what a meson is.

Answer 10

An unstable particle made up of a quark and anti quark.

Have a baryon number of zero.

Question 11

State what a baryon is.

Give examples.

Answer 11

A particle consisting of 3 quarks.

Proton and neutron.

Question 12

State what Leptons are.

Answer 12

An elementary particle with a half integer spin which does not undergo strong interactions.

Question 13

Explain why quarks are not found singularly.

Answer 13

The strong nuclear force beings them together.