Chapter 5.2 - 'The Big Bang' Flashcards
It is predicted that…
I) the temperature at the beginning was x…
II) As the universe expanded, the radiation…
I) the temperature at the beginning was 10^32K
II) As the universe expanded, the radiation expanded as well. Predicted to have expanded by a millimetre now.
The CMB is found…
The CMB is found very uniform from all directions of the universe.
The universe is x years old…
The universe is 13.8 billion years old.
During the first x seconds, the universe expanded to about x of the original size…
During the first 10^-24 seconds, the universe expanded to about 10^50 of the original size…
The rapid increase in size was significant due to it…
If it had lasted longer, the expansion would have resulted in…
The rapid increase in size was significant due to it preventing a very rapid collapse of the universe back into a black hole.
If it had lasted longer, the expansion would have resulted in atoms never forming.
State the Heisenburg uncertainty principle.
The more accurately the position is known, the less precise the momentum. And vice versa.
Matter and antimatter. In a very short time, mass can... Particles created always come in... For every particle of matter, there is always... They annihilate each other because...
In a very short time, mass can come in and out of existence from nothing.
Particles created always come in pairs.
For every particle of matter, there is always an anti-matter particle.
They annihilate each other because when they pop so close to each other in existence.
Pair production involves…
Pair production involves two opposite particles being produced in creation.
Explain how matter was created.
During pair production in the rapid expansion, pairs of particles became rapidly separated and didn’t have a chance to annihilate.
When two pairs annihilate, what is produced?
High energy gamma photons.
At 10^12 K the universe became…
Therefore there was a…
At 10^12 K the universe became too low to support the creation of new particles.
Therefore there was a great amount in annihilation and huge reduction in total amount of matter.
I’m the first few seconds while the temperature remained over a billion K..
The combination resulted in…
I’m the first few seconds while the temperature remained over a billion K, particles known as quarks combined to form protons and neutrons.
The combination resulted in the creation of hydrogen, helium and lithium.
The imbalance between matter and antimatter has been estimated at…
The imbalance between matter and antimatter has been estimated at one extra matter in a billion anti matter particles.
Explain why atoms did not form until around 300,000 years after.
The temperature at this time was at…
Explain how CMB formed.
Atoms did not form as it was too hot, any electron captured by a proton was immediately knocked away by an energetic photon.
The temperature at this time was at 3000K
CMB formed as the photons did not have enough energy to ionise atoms, hence they continued to fill space.
Steady state theory vs Big bang
Differs by suggesting that…
Also by…
Differs by suggesting that the expanding universe stays unchanging, matter is always being produced to compensate for the change.
Also by stating that the universe had no beginning, it was always around.
