Chapter 5.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hemophilia

A

referred to as the “royal disease” due to its spread to the royal families of Europe through Queen Victoria’s descendants

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2
Q

What is hemophilia?

A

the inability to form blood clots to prevent bleeding out

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3
Q

Chromosome theory of inheritance

A
  • genes are located at specific positions on chromosomes
  • segregation and assortment of these chromosomes during meiosis is responsible for inheritance patterns
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4
Q

Gene locus (gene loci)

A

site on a chromosome that a specific gene occupies

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5
Q

Who does hemophilia affect?

A

Mostly males, 1 in 10,000

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6
Q

Where do alleles of a gene reside on homologous chromosomes?

A

at the same locus

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7
Q

What makes an organism heterozygous/homozygous

A

homologous chromosomes having same/different alleles at a particular locus

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8
Q

Genetic linkage

A

tendency for alleles for different genes on the same chromosome to be inherited together

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9
Q

Linked genes

A

genes with loci that are close together

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10
Q

Recombination frequency

A

frequency with which certain genes turn up together

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11
Q

What is recombination frequency used for?

A

to map distance between gene loci on a chromosome

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12
Q

Gene map

A

diagram that shows relative locations and distances of genes on a chromosome

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13
Q

Where is the gene involved in white eye inheritance found?

A

on the x chromosome

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14
Q

If genes are located on separate chromosomes…

A

they assort independently during meiosis

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15
Q

If genes are located on the same chromosomes…

A

less likely to assort independently

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16
Q

What is the only way that alleles assort independently?

A

if they separate during crossing over

17
Q

The closer genes are on a chromosome (black and gray fruit flies)

A

the greater degree of genetic linkage

18
Q

Where were the first studies of gene mapping done?

A

Fruit flies

19
Q

Who discovered sex-linked genes

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan

20
Q

What genes do fruit flies have relationship in?

A

Sex and eye colour

21
Q

What colour eye is rare for fruit flies?

A

White

22
Q

Sex-linked gene

A

any gene located on a sex-chromosome

23
Q

Hemophilia (blood fails to clot normally) is also called

A

bleeder’s disease

24
Q

Fruit fly model

A

shows why recessive sex-linked traits are so much more common in males than females

25
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

immune system disorder which is x-linked
- causes progressive muscle weakness

26
Q

Y-linked disorders

A

caused by mutations in genes located on the Y-chromosome

27
Q

Sex determining region (SRY)

A

gene for testis determining factor

28
Q

How much does red-colour blindness affect males?

A

4-8%

29
Q

How much does red-colour blindness affect FEMALES

A

0.4%

30
Q

What do mutations in SRY result in?

A

XY females who cannot develop reproductive system