Chapter 5.2 Flashcards
Complete dominance
one allele is expressed (dominant) and the other one is not
Incomplete dominance
inheritance pattern in which the phenotype of a heterozygous individual falls between the two parental phenotypes
Codominance
both alleles are completely expressed at the same time
Antibodies
immune system proteins
Polygenic
range of phenotypes due to the additive effects of multiple genes
Epigenetics
study of how genes are turned on and off
Environment
condition in which a cell or organism lives
What happens when a Black Andalusian is bred with a White Andalusian?
blue chick with grey-blue feathers produced
Cross between 2 pink snapdragons
- F2 offspring indicates that the red and white flower alleles segregate during gamete formation
What happens when there are multiple alleles?
many possible genotypes and phenotypes for that gene
How many alleles does an ABO blood type involve?
3
What do the letters of blood type refer to?
carbohydrates
How can you describe blood type A?
the red blood cells are coated with carbohydrate A
How many ways are there to pair alleles of blood types?
6 ways
Why is it critical to match the recipient’s blood type with a compatible doner?
incompatible blood types mixed can cause a fatal immune response
What happens if incompatible blood types are mixed?
- the blood type of the recipient (let’s say A) will recognize the donor blood (let’s say B) as foreign and will destroy them
- antibodies of A will bind to the foreign carbohydrates and clump them together
What are traits that are decided by polygenic traits?
skin colour, height, eye colour
How many genes influence skin colour (estimate)
around 60
ABC dark skin allele contributes
one “unit” of pigment to the phenotype
- exhibits incomplete dominance
Hydrangeas grown in acidic soil
blue flowers
Hydrangeas grown in basic soil
pink flowers
Siamese cat covered in creamy white fut EXCEPT on
eyes, ears, face, feet tail
Why do siamese cats have different colours?
- pattern due to mutation in gene for pigment production
- enzyme responsible for black fur is sensitive to heat, active in colder temps
ABO blood types
genes determine phenotype with NO INFLUENCE from enviornment
Blood cell count environment influence
infection, altitude, physical activity
Cholesterol environment influence
diet, lifestyle, genetics
Other environment influences
stress, exposure to toxins
