Chapter 5.2

Question 1

Complete dominance

Answer 1

one allele is expressed (dominant) and the other one is not

Question 2

Incomplete dominance

Answer 2

inheritance pattern in which the phenotype of a heterozygous individual falls between the two parental phenotypes

Question 3

Codominance

Answer 3

both alleles are completely expressed at the same time

Question 4

Antibodies

Answer 4

immune system proteins

Question 5

Polygenic

Answer 5

range of phenotypes due to the additive effects of multiple genes

Question 6

Epigenetics

Answer 6

study of how genes are turned on and off

Question 7

Environment

Answer 7

condition in which a cell or organism lives

Question 8

What happens when a Black Andalusian is bred with a White Andalusian?

Answer 8

blue chick with grey-blue feathers produced

Question 9

Cross between 2 pink snapdragons

Answer 9

• F2 offspring indicates that the red and white flower alleles segregate during gamete formation

Question 10

What happens when there are multiple alleles?

Answer 10

many possible genotypes and phenotypes for that gene

Question 11

How many alleles does an ABO blood type involve?

Answer 11

3

Question 12

What do the letters of blood type refer to?

Answer 12

carbohydrates

Question 13

How can you describe blood type A?

Answer 13

the red blood cells are coated with carbohydrate A

Question 14

How many ways are there to pair alleles of blood types?

Answer 14

6 ways

Question 15

Why is it critical to match the recipient’s blood type with a compatible doner?

Answer 15

incompatible blood types mixed can cause a fatal immune response

Question 16

What happens if incompatible blood types are mixed?

Answer 16

• the blood type of the recipient (let’s say A) will recognize the donor blood (let’s say B) as foreign and will destroy them
• antibodies of A will bind to the foreign carbohydrates and clump them together

Question 17

What are traits that are decided by polygenic traits?

Answer 17

skin colour, height, eye colour

Question 18

How many genes influence skin colour (estimate)

Answer 18

around 60

Question 19

ABC dark skin allele contributes

Answer 19

one “unit” of pigment to the phenotype
- exhibits incomplete dominance

Question 20

Hydrangeas grown in acidic soil

Answer 20

blue flowers

Question 21

Hydrangeas grown in basic soil

Answer 21

pink flowers

Question 22

Siamese cat covered in creamy white fut EXCEPT on

Answer 22

eyes, ears, face, feet tail

Question 23

Why do siamese cats have different colours?

Answer 23

• pattern due to mutation in gene for pigment production
• enzyme responsible for black fur is sensitive to heat, active in colder temps

Question 24

ABO blood types

Answer 24

genes determine phenotype with NO INFLUENCE from enviornment

Question 25

Blood cell count environment influence

Answer 25

infection, altitude, physical activity

Question 26

Cholesterol environment influence

Answer 26

diet, lifestyle, genetics

Question 27

Other environment influences

Answer 27

stress, exposure to toxins