Chapter 52

Question 1

A diamniotic and dichorionic twin pregnancy demonstrates which one of the following sonographic findings?

a. Two gestational sacs and one placenta
b. Two gestational sacs and two placentas
c. One gestational sac and two placentas
d. Two gestational sacs and one embryo

Answer 1

b. Two gestational sacs and two placentas

Question 2

Caudal regression syndrome is described as which one of the following?

a. Lacks the development of caudal nerves.
b. Lacks the development of the caudal spine and cord.
c. Is associated with chromosome abnormalities.
d. Is observed in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Answer 2

b. Lacks the development of the caudal spine and cord.

Question 3

Fetal death that occurs after the fetus has reached a certain growth that is too large to resorb into the uterus is a which one of the following?

a. Spalding sign
b. Nonimmune hydrops
c. Fetus papyraceous
d. Stuck twin

Answer 3

c. Fetus papyraceous

Question 4

Hydrops caused by fetal tachycardia most commonly demonstrates a heart rate ranging between ______ and ______ beats per minute (bpm).

a. 160; 200
b. 200; 240
c. 210; 250
d. 225; 250

Answer 4

b. 200; 240

Question 5

Hypertensive pregnancies may be associated with which one of the following abnormalities?

a. Macrosomia
b. Small placentas
c. Large placentas
d. Caudal regression syndrome

Answer 5

b. Small placentas

Question 6

In twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, which one of the following statements is true?

a. Both twins are at risk of dying.
b. An arteriovenous shunting within the placenta is demonstrated.
c. The recipient twin may demonstrate polyhydramnios.
d. All of the above statements are true.

Answer 6

d. All of the above statements are true.

Question 7

Maternal obesity has been associated with an increase incidence of which one of the following abnormalities?

a. Biliary atresia
b. Hydrocephalus
c. Neural tube defects
d. Polycystic kidney disease

Answer 7

c. Neural tube defects

Question 8

Monochorionic twin pregnancy, during which one fetus develops without a heart or upper body, is which one of the following terms?

a. Conjoined twins
b. Stuck twin
c. Acardiac anomaly
d. Twin-to-twin transfusion

Answer 8

c. Acardiac anomaly

Question 9

Poly-Oli sequence is also known as which one of the following anomalies?

a. Acardiac anomaly
b. Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
c. Spalding sign
d. Stuck twin syndrome

Answer 9

d. Stuck twin syndrome

Question 10

Predictors of discordance in the growth of twins include all except which one of the following?

a. Difference in estimated fetal weight greater than 20%
b. Difference in biparietal diameter of 10 mm or greater
c. Difference in abdominal circumference of 20 mm or greater
d. Difference in femur length of 5 mm or greater

Answer 10

b. Difference in biparietal diameter of 10 mm or greater

Question 11

Secondary to pregnancy-induced hypertension, a coma and seizures in the patient during the second and third trimesters represents which one of the following?

a. Erythroblastosis fetalis
b. Eclampsia
c. Hydrops
d. Alloimmune thrombocytopenia

Answer 11

b. Eclampsia

Question 12

Premature labor is defined as the onset of labor before _____ weeks’ gestation.

a. 37
b. 38
c. 39
d. 40

Answer 12

a. 37

Question 13

Skeletal and central nervous system congenital anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers include all of the following except:

a. Macrocephaly
b. Neural tube defects
c. Anencephaly
d. Caudal regression syndrome

Answer 13

a. Macrocephaly

Question 14

Sonographic findings of fetal hydrops in an isoimmunized pregnancy include all of the following except:

a. Pleural effusion
b. Polyhydramnios
c. Thinning placenta
d. Pericardial effusion

Answer 14

c. Thinning placenta

Question 15

Stuck twin syndrome is usually observed between \_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_ weeks' gestation.
Select one:
a. 12; 14
b. 12; 24
c. 16; 20
d. 16; 26

Answer 15

d. 16; 26

Question 16

The caudal regression syndrome is found most commonly in patients with which one of the following?

a. Systemic lupus erythematosus
b. Premature rupture of membranes
c. Diabetes
d. Hypertension

Answer 16

c. Diabetes

Question 17

The development of conjoined twins occurs when the division of the egg occurs _____ days after conception.

a. 13
b. 3
c. 8
d. 25

Answer 17

a. 13

Question 18

Twins that arise from two separately fertilized ova are known as which one of the following?

a. Monozygotic
b. Monochorionic
c. Diamniotic
d. Dizygotic

Answer 18

d. Dizygotic

Question 19

What sonographic finding(s) confirms the presence of a diamniotic pregnancy?

a. Two yolk sacs
b. Two fetal poles
c. Membrane that separates the fetuses
d. Two placentas

Answer 19

c. Membrane that separates the fetuses

Question 20

Which one of the following complications of pregnancy is characterized by increasing hypertension, proteinuria, and edema?

a. Preeclampsia
b. Fetal hydrops
c. Thrombocytopenia
d. Diabetes

Answer 20

a. Preeclampsia

Question 21

Which one of the following is defined as the appearance of overlapping skull bones that indicates fetal death?

a. Fetus papyraceous
b. Cranial regression syndrome
c. Spalding sign
d. Lemon sign

Answer 21

c. Spalding sign

Question 22

Which one of the following is demonstrated if the division of one fertilized egg occurs 4 to 8 days after fertilization?
Select one:
a. Two chorions and two amnions
b. One amnion and two chorions
c. One chorion and two amnions 
d. One amnion and one chorion

Answer 22

c. One chorion and two amnions

Question 23

Which one of the following is the most frequent cause of nonimmune hydrops?
Select one:
a. Duodenal atresia
b. Congenital nephrotic syndrome
c. Umbilical cord anomalies
d. Cardiovascular lesions

Answer 23

d. Cardiovascular lesions

Question 24

Which one of the following statements about twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome is true?

a. The venous blood of one twin is pumped into the arterial system of the other twin.
b. The arterial blood of one twin is pumped into the venous system of the other twin.
c. This syndrome is a common complication of multiple gestations.
d. Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome occurs between the fetal umbilical cords.

Answer 24

b. The arterial blood of one twin is pumped into the venous system of the other twin.

Question 25

Which one of the following terms describes a group of conditions in which hydrops is present in the fetus but is not a result of fetomaternal blood group incompatibility?

a. Immune hydrops
b. Toxemia
c. Hyperemesis gravidarum
d. Nonimmune hydrops (NIH)

Answer 25

d. Nonimmune hydrops (NIH)